Chapter 2. A BRIEF HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT

 

The goals and motives that guide human action must be looked at in the light of all that we know and understand; their roots and growth, their essence, and above all their validity, must be critically examined with every intellectual resource that we have.

 
 --Isaiah Berlin[19]

A peculiar feature of traditional managerial discourse is the unspoken assumption of its inevitability. It is as though the practices of traditional management—hierarchy, command and control, tightly planned work, competition through economies of scale and cost reduction, impersonal communications—reflect timeless truths of the universe, so obvious that there is scarcely any need to articulate them, let alone reexamine them. In reality, ...

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