3The Practice of Mediation
mediation has a long and varied history in almost all cultures in the world. In some societies, mediation as a means of dispute resolution is the norm and the procedure of first resort, either after unassisted direct talks or negotiations have been unsuccessful, or in place of them if direct-dealing by disputing parties is not the custom or possible. When members of these cultures encounter conflicts with one another, they often go to a third person for informal help. Intermediaries may include an immediate family member or relative, a mutual friend, or a neighbor.
If the dispute is serious, or if informal mediation is not successful, disputants often turn to more authoritative figures—customary leaders, chiefs, religious ...
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