Determine innovation platform model

40 Closed core platform

An illustration depicts a gear system inside a closed platform. Four apps numbered 1 to 4 are depicted on top of the closed platform.

The operating model of innovation platforms is all about deciding on how much you want to open up to externals.58 This decision must be made with respect to the platform core (e.g. operating system like iOS, Android, software solutions like Salesforce) and platform complements (e.g. third-party apps, third-party hardware). Closed core platforms do not allow third parties to customise or change the platform core. For instance, the core of the operating systems macOS or Microsoft Windows can only be modified by the platform owner, Apple or Windows, respectively, and not by third parties. ...

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