Understanding Development as a Series of Translations

When you consider the development process as a series of translations,[3] you can see the costliness of late-cycle defects and other defects. Figure 17-1 shows the typical development process. The first few stages are documentary; there are no executable artifacts. Because the artifacts aren’t executable (verified by people), they inherently have a possibility of error.

[3] As described in Chapter 4, “Quality and the Development Process.”

Figure 17-1. Stages of development

Later, these artifacts are verified as executable expressions or by customers, as shown in Figure ...

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