CHAPTER 3 How are Closed-Loop Systems Relevant?

Duncan Baker-Brown

In his essay ‘Why wait for the future? There could be a present without waste’1 Herbert Kopnick dreams about the launch of the iPhone 10. Kopnick speculates that the Apple CEO Tim Cook might point towards Apple’s change from a company selling products to a company selling services.

Kopnick speculates on Cook’s justification for this about-turn, as far as Apple’s business model is concerned, describing the new business model as a ‘win-win-win situation’. ‘Winner number one’ is the consumer, as they will have a place to return their old Apple products instead of putting them in a drawer to deal with sometime in the future. ‘Winner number two’ is Apple itself, who ‘only have to ...

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