“Habitat” was the first massively multiplayer online game (MMO) and virtual world cocreated by Chip Morningstar and Randy Farmer in 1985 while they were working at Lucasfilm. Interacting through text chat and moving around a graphical environment, users bartered for objects and eventually created self-government – creating rules independent of the server operators – forming the first social virtual world. Morningstar coined the term “avatar” for the online ...
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to APress Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023
A. AthertonThe Rise of Virtual Communities https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-9297-6_11. Chip Morningstar and Randy Farmer
Cocreators of Lucasfilm Games “Habitat”
Amber Atherton1
(1)
San Francisco, CA, USA
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