31 Leadership and the promise of democracy
Introduction
In the 1990s, several scholars such as Francis Fukuyama (1992) were optimistic about democracy – a concept that they largely associated with the processes and values of the West in addition to its alleged ability to deploy communicative reason. The fall of the Berlin Wall and the decline of Cold War discourse was considered as the victory of democracy over dictatorship. Democratic social movements and civil societies had been able to contribute to ending authoritarian regimes and replacing them with liberal democracies. Seemingly, democratic institutions were not only thriving in the West but also spreading to other geographies such as the ...
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