33 Norm-critical leadership
Introduction
Definitions of leadership depend on the interests of researchers and the types of problems and situations studied (Bass, 2008; McCleskey, 2013). Leadership is not just a personal quality or trait (e.g., charismatic, or wise), but collective, relational, and contextual (Cunliffe & Eriksen, 2011; Just & Muhr, 2019; Uhl-Bien, 2006). To rephrase a quote attributed to Schein (2004), we suggest that the only thing of importance that leaders do is to “create” and maintain and possibly change organizational norms, that is, ways of conduct deemed normal in a particular organization. Once norms are installed, they ...
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