9.1. SCALES OF MEASUREMENT
A measurement is simply a numerical assignment to something, usually a non-numerical element. Measurements convey certain information about the relationship between the element and other elements. Measurement involves a theoretical domain, an area of substantive concern represented as an empirical relational system, and a domain represented by a particular selected numerical relational system. There is a mapping function that carries us from the empirical system into the numerical system. The numerical system is manipulated and the results of the manipulation are studied to help the manager better understand the empirical system.
In reality, measurement is problematic: the manager can never know the "true" value of ...
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