Thermal Insulation for Offshore Installations in Deep Water
Abstract
Thermal insulation is a critical element in the design and operation of flowlines in deep waters due to a combination of low temperatures and high pressure. As a result of these conditions, there are stringent requirements for optimal insulation. Ultra-deep water is one of the next frontiers for oil offshore exploitation. It requires the use of conduits that have to resist intense mechanical and environmental stresses for a long period of time (the durability required is about 25 years). One of the key elements is the thermal insulation of the structure, which is necessary to avoid the formation of hydrates and paraffin plugs inside the steel pipe. This chapter covers ...
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