CHAPTER 8

Think for Yourself

As we’ve seen, being mindful of how we focus is critical for our wealth, health, and happiness. Expert advice and focus filters are necessary: the world is simply too complex not to highlight some things and tune out others. But when we let experts direct our spotlight, we are likely to lose sight of what lies in the shadows. This is as true for expert opinions from doctors as it is for information that makes it through filtering algorithms designed by coders. As obvious as it sounds, learning to think independently is an important step to restore self-reliance in the twenty-first century.

Over half a century ago, the future Nobel Laureate Kenneth Arrow explicitly explained that “because medical knowledge is ...

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