Topics in Artificial Intelligence Applied to Industry 4.0

3Industry 4.0: Design Principles, Challenges, and Applications

K.K. Girish, Sunil Kumar, and Biswajit R. Bhowmik

BRICS Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

3.1 Introduction

Throughout history, the world has witnessed significant revolutions with immense potential to transform and restructure the entire human race. These transformations have consistently led to the establishment of a new global order with massive changes not only in various sectors but also in the mindset of the people. The industrial revolutions, which began in the late eighteenth century and continued through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, were a series of profound changes in how goods were produced, marking a significant shift from manual labor to machine‐based manufacturing. These revolutions were substantial because they brought about unprecedented technological advancements, transportation, and communication, leading to substantial changes in society, culture, and the economy. The First Industrial Revolution [1], originating in late eighteenth‐century Britain, brought forth the implementation of novel machinery and production techniques, resulting in a remarkable surge in productivity and the establishment of fresh industries. This transformation significantly influenced society, fueling the expansion of urban areas, the development of the middle class, and the rise of contemporary capitalism.

The Second ...