Computational techniques
Abstract
This chapter gives an introduction to a number of computational techniques that are used in the study of train aerodynamics. Firstly, the range of analytical and numerical techniques used in train aerodynamics is described. Simple panel methods are then outlined and their historic and continuing utility discussed. The use of the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations is then discussed at some length. The representation of turbulence in this approach is presented, and a range of turbulence viscosity models are discussed. Reynolds stress models and unsteady RANS methods are briefly described. Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the Navier–Stokes equations is then considered, and it is shown that ...
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