Transformers

12

Power Transformers’ Fault Diagnostics by Park’s Vector Approach

A.J. Marques Cardoso and Luís M.R. Oliveira

CONTENTS

12.1  Introduction

12.2  International Survey on Failures in Large Power Transformers in Service

12.3  Transformer Reliability Survey: Industrial Plants and Commercial Buildings

12.4  Corollary of Transformer Reliability Surveys

12.5  Transformers’ Diagnostic Techniques

12.5.1  Dissolved Gas Analysis

12.5.2  Partial Discharges

12.5.3  Temperature

12.5.4  Vibrations

12.5.5  Leakage Flux

12.5.6  Frequency Response Analysis

12.5.7  Excitation Current

12.6  Corollary of Transformer Diagnostic Techniques

12.7  Transformer Behavior under Incipient Turn-to-Turn Winding Fault Occurrence

12.7.1  Permanent Faults

12.7.2  Intermittent ...