3.2. MEASUREMENT OF FLOW OF FLUIDS
It is important to be able to measure and control the amount of material entering and leaving a chemical or other processing plant. Since many of the materials are in the form of fluids, they are flowing in pipes or conduits. Many different types of devices are used to measure the flow of fluids. The simplest are those that measure directly the volume of the fluids, such as ordinary gas and water meters and positive-displacement pumps. Current meters make use of an element, such as a propeller or cups on a rotating arm, which rotates at a speed determined by the velocity of the fluid passing through it. Very widely used for fluid metering are the pitot tube, venturi meter, orifice meter, and open-channel weirs. ...
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