Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR Methods

13 Two-Dimensional Methods and Zero- to Ultralow-Field (ZULF) NMR

K. Ivanov¹, John Blanchard², Dmitry Budker³, Fabien Ferrage⁴, Alexey Kiryutin¹, Tobias Sjolander⁵, Alexandra Yurkovskaya¹, and Ivan Zhukov¹

¹ International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia² Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA³ Helmholtz Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-300, USA⁴ Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France⁵ Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland

13.1 Introduction and Motivation

Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, first proposed by Jean Jeener [1] and implemented by Aue, Bartholdi, and Ernst [2], transformed NMR into a powerful tool for chemistry, materials science, structural biology, and medicine. Two-dimensional NMR has increased both the resolution and the information content of NMR spectra, revealing correlations between nuclei through chemical bonds or through space. At the heart of 2D-NMR is the ability to control which interactions govern the evolution of the spin system, whether to transfer polarization or select which information is displayed in each spectral dimension. The control of nuclear spin systems is usually obtained by application of well-defined ...