Understanding Emotions, 3rd Edition

13

Mental Disorder and Well-Being in Adulthood

This chapter written with Hannah Oatley

CONTENTS

Psychiatric Disorders: Symptoms and Prevalence

Psychiatric Epidemiology

Different Kinds of Depression and Anxiety

How Disorders Are Caused

Life Events and Difficulties

Cross-Cultural Differences

Neurophysiology of Depression

Relation Between Emotions and Emotional Disorders

Vulnerability Factors

Gene–Environment Interaction

Social Support

Early Experience

Recurrence, Recovery, and Prolongation of Disorders

Recurrence

Recovery and Fresh Starts

Cognitive Biases in Anxiety and Other Emotional Disorders

Beyond Depression and Anxiety

Psychopathy

Schizophrenia and Expressed Emotion

Psychosomatic Effects

Well-Being

Inherited Influences

Circumstance

Activity

Summary

To Think About and Discuss

Further Reading

FIGURE 13.0 A striking result in psychiatric epidemiology is that the prevalence of depression is 50% higher in women than in men.

… human misery has awakened, stood before you, and today demands its proper place.

Jean Jaurès (1897) cited by Kleinman (1988, p. 53)

Into the lives of many people come periods of extreme negative emotion, such as hopeless depression or paralyzing anxiety. When such states reach levels at which a person can no longer function in ordinary life, they are referred to as emotional disorders. For an approach to the whole field of abnormal psychology you might turn ...