14

Consciousness, Regulation, Psychotherapy

CONTENTS

Consciousness

The Function of Consciousness

Consciously Making Sense of Emotions

Emotions in Ritual, Drama, and Stories

Becoming Conscious of Emotions in Literature

Regulation

Distraction, Reappraisal, Suppression, Augmentation

Emotion and Free Will

What Is Regulated?

Psychological Therapies

Focus on Emotions

Psychoanalysis: Unconscious Schemas of Relating

Rogerian Counseling: Empathetic Support

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Changing Emotional Life by Thought

Emotion-Focused Therapy: Changing Emotional Life by Emotions

Outcomes of Therapy

Psychotherapy Without Professionals

Summary

To Think About and Discuss

Further Reading

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FIGURE 14.0 Ronald De Sousa used these pictures for his book, The Rationality of Emotions. They are from Thomas Hill's (1885) book on etiquette—a making conscious of how to perform social customs with the right emotional tone.

There is, I assure you, a medical art for the soul. It is philosophy, whose aid need not be sought, as in bodily diseases, from outside ourselves. We must endeavor with all our resources and all our strength to become capable of doctoring ourselves.

Cicero: Tusculan Disputations, III, 6

Emotion may have been the original form of consciousness. So proposes Jaak Panksepp (2005). Most human brain networks that support the emotions are shared with other mammals. It seems likely, therefore, ...

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