CHAPTER 11
The Four Together
How basic are these four forms? Basic indeed. One is personal. One is programmed. One is professional. One is project. Are they real? That, as we shall see, depends on what we mean by real.
Four Forms Forever
These forms can be seen to go way back, to when humans first became organized. The project organization, of “our age,” is probably the oldest, when Homo sapiens hunted collaboratively in packs (i.e., teams). As people settled into communities, leadership in the form of the personal organization arose. We have already seen an example of the programmed organization in ancient Mesopotamia, where there was also suggestion of the professional one: “Skilled artisans were frequently recruited from distant regions. ...
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