UNIX® Shells by Example, Third Edition

5.5. Records and Fields

5.5.1. Records

Awk does not see input data as an endless string of characters, but sees it as having a format or structure. By default, each line is called a record and is terminated with a newline.

The Record Separator. By default, the output and input record separator (line separator) is a carriage return, stored in the built-in awk variables ORS and RS, respectively. The ORS and RS values can be changed, but only in a limited fashion.

The $0 Variable. An entire record is referenced as $0 by awk. (When $0 is changed by substitution or assignment, the value of NF, the number of fields, may be changed.) The newline value is stored in awk's built-in variable RS, a carriage return by default.

Example 5.11.

% cat employees ...