1A Quick Tour of the Foundations of Web Apps

If you are already familiar with HTML, XML and JavaScript, you may skip this chapter and immediately start developing a minimal web application by going to the next chapter.

1.1The World Wide Web (WWW)

After the Internet had been established in the 1980’ies, Tim Berners-Lee4 developed the idea and the first implementation of the WWW in 1989 at the European research institution CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. The WWW (or, simply, “the Web”) is based on the Internet technologies TCP/IP (the Internet Protocol) and DNS (the Domain Name System). Initially, the Web consisted of

  1. the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP),
  2. the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), and
  3. web server programs, acting as HTTP servers, ...

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