Web Standards Programmer's Reference: HTML, CSS, JavaScript®, Perl, Python®, and PHP

D.6. Functions

The following tables detail the various default functions available in the Perl language.

D.6.1. Arithmetic Functions

Function	Use
abs expr	Returns the absolute value of expr.
atan2 x,y	Returns the arctangent of x/y.
cos expr	Returns the cosine of expr.
exp expr	Returns e (the natural logarithm base) to the power of expr.
int expr	Returns the integer portion of expr.
log expr†	Returns the natural logarithm of expr.
rand [ expr ]	Returns a random number between 0 and the value of expr. If expr is omitted, returns a value between 0 and 1.
sin expr	Returns the sine of expr.
sqrt expr	Returns the square root of expr.
srand [ expr ]	Sets the random number seed for the rand operator.
time	Returns the number of seconds since January 1, 1970.

D.6.2. Conversion Functions

Function	Use
chr expr	Returns the character represented by the decimal value expr.
gmtime expr	Returns a 9-element array (0 = $sec, 1 = $min, 2 = $hour, 3 = $mday, 4 = $mon, 5 = $year, 6 = $wday, 7 = $yday, 8 = $isdst) with the time formatted for the Greenwich time zone. Note that expr should be in a form returned from a time function.
hex expr	Returns the decimal value of expr, with expr interpreted as a hex string.
localtime expr	Returns a 9-element array (0 = $sec, 1 = $min, 2 = $hour, 3 = $mday, 4 = $mon, 5 = $year, 6 = $wday, 7 = $yday, 8 = $isdst) with the time formatted for the local time zone. Note that expr should be in a form returned from a time function.
oct expr	Returns the decimal value of expr, with expr interpreted as an ...