In 1864, James Clerk Maxwell predicted that electric and magnetic fields could propagate in the form of electromagnetic waves. Experiments performed in 1885–1887 by physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz confirmed the existence of radio waves. Hertz developed equipment to produce, radiate, and detect very short electromagnetic waves and observed the reflection of microwave energy from solids [1]. In 1922, Marchese Guglielmo Marconi proposed the use of short waves for radio detection of objects [1]. In 1934, the first experimental radar station was developed and led to the British “Chain Home” air defense system [1].
The need for radar equipment, especially during World War II, stimulated development of microwave technology. Powerful generators ...
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