Summary
TCP achieves reliable data transfer through the cumulative or selective acknowledgment of TCP segments received. Selective acknowledgments improve TCP performance in high-loss environments or for TCP connections with large window sizes. To provide receiver-side flow control, TCP uses sliding send and receive windows. With each ACK segment, the receiver indicates how much more data can be sent and successfully received. To avoid sending small segments, TCP uses the Nagle algorithm and SWS avoidance.
To provide sender-side flow control, TCP uses the slow start and congestion avoidance algorithms. Slow start increases the size of the actual send window by 1 MSS for each ACK segment received or each segment acknowledged. Congestion avoidance ...
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