Wireless Optical Telecommunications

List of Figures

Figure 1.1. Stele of the Lady Taperet (Louvre museum)

Figure 1.2. Device and Newton’s rings

Figure 1.3. Emission and absorption of a photon

Figure 1.4. The International Congress of Physics, Solvay in Brussels (1927)

Figure 2.1. Aeneas the Tactician device

Figure 2.2. Roman telegraph station (low-relief of the Trojan column in Roma)

Figure 2.3. Robert Hooke’s telegraph

Figure 2.4. The Chappe’s system used high points (towers, bell towers, etc.)

Figure 2.5. Mechanism developed by Chappe: three articulated arms

Figure 2.6. The Chappe’s telegraph [JOI 96]

Figure 2.7. Signals used in the final code of Chappe’s telegraph

Figure 2.8. The Chappe’s code [Libois, unpublished]

Figure 2.9. An English heliograph

Figure 2.10. Lesuerre’s heliograph

Figure 2.11. Mangin’s telegraph

Figure 2.12. Using the optical telegraph of Colonel Mangin

Figure 2.13. The photophone

Figure 2.14. Marconi radio equipment

Figure 3.1. Communication history

Figure 3.2. Modules of an optical wireless device

Figure 3.3. Line of sight

Figure 3.4. (a) Multisectoral, (b) angular diversity, and (c) imaging reception

Figure 3.5. Wide line of sight

Figure 3.6. Diffusion

Figure 3.7. Controlled diffusion

Figure 3.8. Representation of the real components of the electric and magnetic fields along the direction of propagation

Figure 3.9. Free-space propagation with reflection

Figure 3.10. Local approximation of a wave surface by a plane wave

Figure 3.11. Electromagnetic spectrum

Figure 3.12. Spectral band