5.1 Overview of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks
5.1.1 Wireless Sensor Network Routing Protocols
Sensor nodes are constrained in terms of processing, storing, and most importantly, energy. The most important characteristics in a routing protocol for a sensor network are energy efficiency and awareness. Multihopping is widely used in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) due to the limited transmission range and is also more energy efficient due to signal attenuation. There are mainly three types of routing protocols for wireless sensor networks: flat-based, hierarchical, and location-based (Al-Karaki and Kamal 2004). Flat-based routing is when all nodes have the same functionality. In hierarchical ...
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