12INPUT AND OUTPUT
A typical program has three basic tasks: input, computation, and output. So far we’ve concentrated on the computational aspects of the computer system, but now we’ll turn to input and output.
This chapter will focus on the primitive input/output (I/O) activities of the CPU, rather than on the abstract file or character I/O that high-level applications usually employ. It will discuss how the CPU transfers data to and from the outside world, paying special attention to the performance issues behind I/O operations. As all high-level I/O activities are eventually routed through the low-level I/O systems, it’s crucial to understand ...
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