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Unix for Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger: Visual QuickPro Guide

Name: Unix for Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger: Visual QuickPro Guide
Author: Matisse Enzer
ISBN: 9780321246684

by Matisse Enzer

September 2005

Beginner to intermediate

552 pages

13h 53m

English

Peachpit Press

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Copyright
Dedications
Acknowledgments for the first edition
Acknowledgments for the second edition
i. Introduction
Who Is This Book For?What’s in This Book?An introduction to UnixThe basics of the Unix command-line interfaceBeyond the basics: Editing, permissions, and programmingUsing the InternetIntermediate skills: System administration and securityInstalling and configuring softwareLearning Darwin/Mac OS X CommandsHow to Use This BookGraphic conventionsKeyboard symbolsBoldCase sensitivityDarwin-specific featuresRequirementsAdventurous and enthusiastic attitudeMac OS X 10.4 TigerBe an administratorHave the Developer Tools installedConnection to the Internet
1. What Is Unix, and Why Is It Good?
The Advantages of a Unix-Based Mac OSStabilityFlexibilityOpennessBecoming a sophisticated userBut First, a Little HistoryHow Mac OS X’s Unix Differs from Mac OS 9What You Can Do with Mac OS X and UnixAccommodating multiple usersPreemptive multitaskingParents and childrenFiles and the filesystemFiles and securityFolders are called directoriesFile paths use / instead of :Get used to filename extensionsHow You Will Be Working with UnixWorking from the command lineEditing files from the command lineProgramming and scriptingShell scriptsPerlJavaCInteracting with other Unix machinesRunning serversApache Web serverDarwin Streaming ServerUsing other Unix applicationsRuby on RailsSamba Windows file-sharing softwareSQL database enginesImage manipulation with GIMPX WindowsBlogs and content-management systemsE-mail list management with Mailman or MajordomoWhere to Find MoreThe FreeBSD Ports CollectionMac OS X Apps
2. Using the Command Line
Getting to the Command LineOther ways to get to the command lineUnderstanding the Shell PromptUsing a CommandThe parts of a command lineAbout the “command” part of the command lineYour PATH—how the shell finds commandsAbout command optionsAbout command argumentsOperators and special characters in the command lineStopping commandsGetting help for a commandUsing Common CommandsAbout Commands, Processes, and JobsAbout Spaces in the Command LineWildcardsMore-specialized glob-patternsAbout Standard Input and OutputRedirecting stdoutRedirecting stderrRedirecting stdinCreating Pipelines of CommandsRunning a Command in the BackgroundOpening Files from the Command LineCreating a Simple Unix Shell Script
3. Getting Help and Using the Unix Manual
Using the Unix ManualPrinting man PagesUsing Commands’ Built-in HelpUsing the Web to Get HelpGetting Help from Other People
4. Useful Unix Utilities
Mac OS X–Specific Utilitiesopen—“Double-click” files and directories from the command lineosascript—Run AppleScript from the command linepbcopy and pbpaste—Command-line interface to the pasteboard (“clipboard”)File Compression and ArchivinggzipgunziptarFile and Text Processingwc—Counting lines, words, and bytessort—Alphabetical or numerical sortinguniq—Only one of each linecutawksedtextutilPerlSearching for Text Inside FilesUsing grepUsing patterns in your searchTesting regular expressionsMore rules and tools for building regex atomsSearching for FilesSpotlight and mdfindlocatefindwhichViewing and Editing FilesViewing filesEditing filesSending E-mailmailPineNetwork AnalysisNetwork UtilityUsing the Internettelnetsshscpftp and sftpLynx
5. Using Files and Directories
Seeing the Whole File SystemSeeing Where You Are in the File SystemUnderstanding and Using Unix FilenamesHaving the shell type the filename for youMoving Around in the File SystemSeeing the Contents of DirectoriesHidden filesGetting more information from lsSorting the output of lsViewing the Contents of Text FilesUsing a pagerSeeing just the beginning or end of a fileCreating Files and DirectoriesCreating a file from command outputCopying Files and DirectoriesRenaming or Moving FilesDeleting Files and DirectoriesGetting Information About Files and DirectoriesUsing the ls command to get file informationDisplaying file metadataDiscerning different types of filesWorking with Classic Mac metadataAbout Links (the Unix Version of Aliases)Using symbolic linksUsing hard links
6. Editing and Printing Files
Editing Files with viSuper-quick startStarting viAbout vi’s Two ModesSwitching to command modeSwitching to edit modeNavigating Using viBasic cursor movementNavigating by searching for textSaving a File in viQuitting viChanging and Deleting TextDeleting textChanging textCopy and pasteSearch and replaceemacs—an Editor Without ModesPrinting FilesHow printing works on a MacintoshPrinting from the command linePrinting to AppleTalk printers

7. Configuring Your Unix Environment
Finding Configuration FilesConfiguring Your ShellEnvironment VariablesChanging your PATHShell AliasesShell functionsShell SettingsCustomizing your shell promptChanging your umaskConfiguring viConfiguring Mac OS X Defaults from the Command Line
8. Working with Permissions and Ownership
About Users and GroupsSeeing all the users and groups on your systemThe Root User—Permission to Do AnythingUnderstanding Permissions and OwnershipThe types of permissionWhat permissions mean for filesWhat Permissions Mean for DirectoriesExamples of permissionsSetting and Changing PermissionsChanging permissions with symbolic modesChanging permissions with absolute modesChanging OwnershipDefault Permissions for File CreationRecognizing Permission ProblemsUsing ACLs
9. Creating and Using Scripts
Common Uses of Shell ScriptsSystem-startup configuration filesAutomating common tasksCreating new utilities for your personal useCreating a Shell ScriptRunning a script without using a pathUsing VariablesUsing a command inside a variableUsing environment variables in a scriptUsing ArgumentsUsing Commands Within CommandsDoing Arithmetic and Using ExpressionsUsing Control StructuresUsing conditionalsUsing the if . . . then conditionalUsing the case conditionalUsing loopsGetting User InputCreating and Using Functions
10. Connecting over the Internet
About HostnamesLogging In to Another Unix MachineSecure connections using SSHConnecting using TelnetUsing Telnet to test other systemsCopying Files Across the InternetPreserving ACLs and other Extended AttributesUsing scpUsing FTPRetrieving files using curlRetrieving files using wgetSynchronizing directories using rsyncUsing Lynx—a text-based Web browserAdvanced InteractionsAutomated (unattended) file transfersVirtual private networksSharing disks with other Unix machines
11. Introduction to System Administration
About rootThe Mac OS X/Darwin approach to rootsudo—the Mac OS X way of using rootOther ways of becoming rootBecoming Another UserKeeping BackupsDoing full and incremental backups from the command lineUsing dittoManaging User Accounts and GroupsAdding and deleting users with System PreferencesManaging passwordsChanging a user’s login shellTracking who uses the systemManaging groupsMonitoring System UsageMonitoring disk spaceMonitoring processes and load on your machineMore about topRunning Regularly Scheduled CommandsScheduling jobs using cronControlling who uses cronAbout /etc/crontabScheduling jobs using launchdSystem Log FilesThe Boot SequenceCreating New LaunchDaemons and StartupItemsLooking at StartupItemsTroubleshooting TipsUsing the system log filesPermission problemsDealing with “device full” problemsProblems booting upThe last resort
12. Security
Security ChecklistPhysical SecurityChoosing Good PasswordsHow passwords are vulnerableProtecting Yourself from Internet AttacksPacket-sniffing attacksAttacks on servicesAbout ports and socketsBlocking access to portsSearching for Files That Make You rootKeeping Up-to-DateSoftware UpdateSecurity news and announcementsMonitoring Files for ChangesUsing md5sum to check for file changes
13. Installing Software from Source Code
Installing from Source Code—the BasicsUsing Fink to Install SoftwareUpdating and removing packages with FinkManually Installing from Source CodeInstalling Perl Modules
14. Installing and Configuring Servers
Setting Your Machine’s HostnameControlling the AppleShare ServerActivating the SSH ServerConfiguring an Internet E-mail ServerForwarding e-mail to different addressesActivating the FTP ServerAbout Passive vs. Active FTPAllowing anonymous FTP accessReducing the security risks from an FTP serverApache: A Web ServerActivating ApacheAdding a CGI scriptThe MySQL Database ServerInstalling MySQLConfiguring and starting MySQLConnecting to MySQLCreating a new databaseAbout the SQL WHERE clauseCreating a script that uses SQLEven More Servers
A. Darwin-only Unix Commands

Overview

As Unix spreads its tentacles across users' desktops, more and more Mac users are starting to pop the hood and learn about the operating system that's at the root of it all. And there's no better way to conquer that fear than by consulting this Visual QuickPro Guide. Matisse Enzer, who wrote the first edition of this book, Unix for Mac OS X: Visual QuickPro Guide has completely updated this guide to reflect all that's new in Tiger's version of Unix. Readers will learn everything they need to know to make sense of the commands and technical jargon surrounding Unix. In the process they'll find out about useful utilities, editing and printing files, security, and more--all through simple, step-by-step instructions that break the learning process into manageable chunks. Throughout, users will find plenty of the tips and visual references that have become the hallmark of Peachpit's popular Visual QuickPro Guides. Unix for Mac OS X 10.4: Visual QuickPro Guide is perfect for any Mac user interested in learning about the Unix operating system.

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