2.1 Data Representation2.2 Number System2.2.1 Decimal Number System2.2.2 Binary Number System2.2.3 Octal Number System2.2.4 Hexadecimal Number System2.3 Conversion from Decimal to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal2.3.1 Converting Decimal Integer to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal2.3.2 Converting Decimal Fraction to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal2.3.3 Converting Decimal Integer.Fraction to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal2.4 Conversion of Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal to Decimal2.5 Conversion of Binary to Octal, Hexadecimal2.6 Conversion of Octal, Hexadecimal to Binary2.7 Binary Arithmetic2.7.1 Binary Addition2.7.2 Binary Subtraction2.8 Signed and Unsigned Numbers2.8.1 Complement of Binary Numbers2.9 Binary Data Representation2.9.1 Fixed Point Number Representation2.9.2 Floating Point Number Representation2.10 Binary Coding Schemes2.10.1 EBCDIC2.10.2 ASCII2.10.3 Unicode2.11 Logic Gates2.12 Programming Fundamentals2.13 Program Development Life Cycle2.14 Algorithm2.15 Control Structures2.16 Flowchart2.16.1 Flowchart Symbols2.16.2 Preparing a Flowchart2.17 Pseudo Code2.17.1 Preparing a Pseudo Code2.18 Programming Paradigms2.18.1 Structured Programming2.18.2 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)2.18.3 Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP)2.19 Problem Formulation and Problem Solving2.19.1 Problem Solving2.19.2 Problem Formulation2.20 SummaryExercise QuestionsConceptual Questions and AnswersAdditional QuestionsProgramming Exercise