16G-BlockchainVision and Research Directions
BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION
Evolution of Mobile Networks and Internet
The general evolution of global mobile network standards was first to maximize coverage in the first and second generations and then to maximize capacity in the third and fourth generations. In addition to higher capacity, research on fifth generation (5G) mobile networks has focused on lower end-to-end latency, higher spectral efficiency and energy efficiency, and more connection nodes [1]. More specifically, the first generation (1G) mobile network was designed for voice services with a data rate of up to 2.4 kbit/s. It used analog signals to transmit information, and there was no universal wireless ...
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