A Tour of C++

8. I/O Streams

What you see is all you get.

– Brian W. Kernighan

• Introduction

• Output

• Input

• I/O State

• I/O of User-Defined Types

• Formatting

• File Streams

• String Streams

• Advice

8.1. Introduction

The I/O stream library provides formatted and unformatted buffered I/O of text and numeric values.

An ostream converts typed objects to a stream of characters (bytes):

An istream converts a stream of characters (bytes) to typed objects:

The operations on istreams and ostreams are described in §8.3 and §8.2. The operations are type-safe, ...