April 2025
Intermediate to advanced
528 pages
16h 50m
English
book
Advanced Surveying | Total Station, GPS, GIS, Remote Sensing, Drone, and Hydrographic Surveying
by Satheesh Gopi
Content preview from Advanced Surveying | Total Station, GPS, GIS, Remote Sensing, Drone, and Hydrographic Surveying
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CHAPTER 12
Automatic Level, Digital Level and Optical Theodolites
Chapter Outline
12.1 Automatic Level
12.2 Digital Level
12.3 Micro-Optical Theodolites (Micrometre Theodolite)
12.4 Digital Planimeter
12.5 Laser Distance Meter
12.1 Automatic Level
The automatic level employs a gravity-referenced prism or mirror compensator to orient the line of sight (line of collimation) automatically. The instrument is quickly levelled when a circular spirit level is used. When the bubble has been centred (or nearly centre), the compensator takes over and maintains a horizontal line of sight, even if the telescope is slightly tilted (see Fig. 12.1).
Figure ...
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