Chapter 1. Agentic AI and MCP
Toward the end of 2024, Anthropic released the Model Context Protocol (MCP) to great fanfare. Not only did Anthropic standardize a way to transform chatbots from simple talkers into agents that could act, but it released MCP concurrently with support from popular AI-powered IDEs as well as Anthropic’s Claude Desktop, driving speedy adoption. One of the major pieces of the MCP architecture, the MCP server, was made to be incredibly simple to spin up, but powerfully complex when advanced workflows were needed. This led to a rapid flood of user-created MCP servers, augmenting generative AI workflows and cementing the adoption of MCP as the standard for building AI agents.
But what brought us from large language models (LLMs) to agents? To be glib: a whole lot of experimentation. When LLMs first entered the public consciousness, the primary way to interact with them was via a chat dialog on a website. They were simple conversational chatbots, prone to errors, and restricted to the information in their training data. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) came along to solve that, initially by software intercepting an LLM query, searching a vector database for related data, and enriching the LLM prompt with related data that it retrieved. Around the same time, ReAct (REasoning + ACTing) was introduced, a technique that gave LLMs the capability to alternate between reasoning and task-specific actions. Still, these actions were largely confined to the prompt. ...
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