Analog Circuit Design Volume 2

Table of contents

1. Cover image
2. Title page
3. Table of Contents
4. Copyright
5. Dedication 1
6. Dedication 2
7. Publisher’s Note
   1. Trade marks
8. Acknowledgments
9. Introduction
   1. Why I Write
10. Foreword
11. PART 1: Power Management
    1. Section 1: Power Management Tutorials
       1. Section 1. Power Management Tutorials
          1. Performance enhancement techniques for three-terminal regulators (1)
          2. Load transient response testing for voltage regulators (2)
          3. A closed-loop, wideband, 100A active load (3)
       2. Chapter 1. Performance enhancement techniques for three-terminal regulators
       3. Chapter 2. Load transient response testing for voltage regulators: Practical considerations for testing and evaluating results
          1. Introduction
          2. Appendix A
          3. Appendix B
          4. Appendix C
          5. Appendix D
          6. References
       4. Chapter 3. A closed-loop, wideband, 100A active load: Brute force marries controlled speed
          1. Introduction
          2. Basic load transient generator
          3. Closed-loop load transient generator
          4. Detailed circuitry discussion
          5. Circuit testing
          6. Layout effects
          7. Regulator testing
          8. Appendix A
          9. Appendix B
          10. Appendix C
          11. References
    2. Section 2: Switching Regulator Design
       1. Section 2. Switching Regulator Design
          1. Some thoughts on DC/DC converters (4)
          2. Theoretical considerations for buck mode switching regulators (5)
       2. Chapter 4. Some thoughts on DC/DC converters
          1. Introduction
          2. 5V to ±15V converter circuits
          3. Micropower quiescent current converters
          4. 200mA output 1.5V to 5V converter
          5. High efficiency converters
          6. Wide range input converters
          7. High voltage converters
          8. Switched-capacitor based converters
          9. Appendix A
          10. Appendix B
          11. Appendix C
          12. Appendix D
          13. Appendix E
          14. Appendix F
          15. Appendix G
          16. Appendix H
          17. References
       3. Chapter 5. Theoritical considerations for buck mode switching regulators
          1. Introduction
          2. Absolute Maximum Ratings
          3. Package/order information
          4. Block Diagram Description
          5. Typical performance characteristics
          6. Pin Descriptions
          7. Ground Pin
          8. Feedback Pin
          9. Shutdown Pin
          10. Status Pin (Available Only On LT1176 Parts)
          11. ILIM PIN
          12. Error Amplifier
          13. Definition of Terms
          14. Positive Step-Down (Buck) Converter
          15. Tapped-Inductor Buck Converter
          16. Positive-To-Negative Converter
          17. Negative Boost Converter
          18. Inductor Selection
          19. Micropower Shutdown
          20. 5-Pin Current Limit
          21. Soft-Start
          22. Output Filters
          23. Input Filters
          24. Oscilloscope Techniques
          25. EMI Suppression
          26. Troubleshooting Hints
    3. Section 3: Linear Regulator Design
       1. Section 3. Linear Regulator Design
          1. High efficiency linear regulators (6)
       2. Chapter 6. High efficiency linear regulators
          1. Introduction
          2. Regulation from stable inputs
          3. Regulation from unstable input—AC line derived case
          4. SCR pre-regulator
          5. DC input pre-regulator
          6. 10A regulator with 400mV dropout
          7. Ultrahigh efficiency linear regulator
          8. Micropower pre-regulated linear regulator
          9. Appendix A
          10. Appendix B
          11. Appendix C
          12. References
    4. Section 4: High Voltage and High Current Applications
       1. Section 4. High Voltage and High Current Applications
          1. High voltage, low noise, DC/DC converters (7)
       2. Chapter 7. High voltage, low noise, DC/DC converters: A kilovolt with 100 microvolts of noise
          1. Introduction
          2. Resonant royer based converters
          3. Switched current source based resonant royer converters
          4. Low noise switching regulator driven resonant royer converters
          5. Controlled transition push-pull converters
          6. Flyback converters
          7. Summary of circuit characteristics
          8. Appendix A
          9. Appendix B
          10. Appendix C
          11. Appendix D
          12. Appendix E
          13. Appendix F
          14. Appendix G
          15. References
    5. Section 5: Powering Illumination Devices
       1. Section 5. Powering Illumination Devices
          1. A fourth generation of LCD backlight technology (8)
          2. Simple circuitry for cellular telephone/ camera flash illumination (9)
       2. Chapter 8. A fourth generation of LCD backlight technology: Component and measurement improvements refine performance
          1. Preface
          2. Introduction
          3. Perspectives on display efficiency
          4. Appendix A
          5. Appendix B
          6. Appendix C
          7. Appendix D
          8. Appendix E
          9. Appendix F
          10. Appendix G
          11. Appendix H
          12. Appendix I
          13. Appendix J
          14. Appendix K
          15. Appendix L
          16. References
       3. Chapter 9. Simple circuitry for cellular telephone/camera flash illumination: A practical guide for successfully implementing flashlamps
          1. Introduction
          2. Flash illumination alternatives
          3. Flashlamp basics
          4. Support circuitry
          5. Flash capacitor charger circuit considerations
          6. Detailed circuit discussion
          7. Lamp layout, RFI and related issues
          8. Appendix A
          9. References
    6. Section 6: Automotive and Industrial Power Design
       1. Section 6. Automotive and Industrial Power Design
          1. Extending the input voltage range of PowerPath circuits for automotive and industrial applications (10)
       2. Chapter 10. Extending the input voltage range of powerpath circuits for automotive and industrial applications
          1. Introduction
          2. Extending the voltage range
          3. Circuit for large negative input voltages
          4. Circuit for large positive input voltages
          5. Conclusion
12. PART 2: Data Conversion, Signal Conditioning and High Frequency/RF
    1. Section 1: Data Conversion
       1. Section 1. Data Conversion
          1. Circuitry for single cell operation (11)
          2. Component and measurement advances ensure 16-bit DAC settling time (12)
          3. Fidelity testing for A→D converters (13)
       2. Chapter 11. Circuitry for single cell operation
          1. 10kHz V→F converter
          2. 10-bit A/D converter
          3. Sample-hold amplifier
          4. Fast sample-hold amplifier
          5. Temperature compensated crystal clock
          6. Voltage boosted output amplifier
          7. 5V output switching regulator
       3. Chapter 12. Component and measurement advances ensure 16-bit DAC settling time: The art of timely accuracy
          1. Introduction
          2. DAC settling time
          3. Considerations for measuring DAC settling time
          4. Practical DAC settling time measurement
          5. Detailed settling time circuitry
          6. Using the sampling-based settling time circuit
          7. Compensation capacitor effects
          8. Verifying results—alternate methods
          9. Alternate method I—bootstrapped clamp
          10. Alternate method II—sampling oscilloscope
          11. Alternate method III—differential amplifier
          12. Thermally induced settling errors
          13. Appendix A
          14. Appendix B
          15. Appendix C
          16. Appendix D
          17. Appendix E
          18. Appendix F
          19. Appendix G
          20. Appendix H
          21. References
       4. Chapter 13. Fidelity testing for A→D converters
          1. Introduction
          2. Overview
          3. Oscillator circuitry
          4. Verifying oscillator distortion
          5. A→D testing
          6. Appendix A
    2. Section 2: Signal Conditioning
       1. Section 2. Signal Conditioning
          1. Applications for a new power buffer (14)
          2. Thermal techniques in measurement and control circuitry (15)
          3. Methods for measuring op amp settling time (16)
          4. High speed comparator techniques (17)
          5. Designs for high performance voltage- to-frequency converters (18)
          6. Unique IC buffer enhances op amp designs, tames fast amplifiers (19)
          7. Power gain stages for monolithic amplifiers (20)
          8. Composite amplifiers (21)
          9. A simple method of designing multiple order all pole bandpass filters by cascading 2nd order sections (22)
          10. FilterCAD user’s manual, version 1.10 (23)
          11. 30 nanosecond settling time measurement for a precision wideband amplifier (24)
          12. Application and optimization of a 2GHz differential amplifier/ADC driver (25)
          13. 2 nanosecond, 0.1% resolution settling time measurement for wideband amplifiers (26)
          14. An introduction to acoustic thermometry (27)
       2. Chapter 14. Applications for a new power buffer
          1. Buffered output line driver
          2. Fast, stabilized buffer amplifier
          3. Video line driving amplifier
          4. Fast, precision sample-hold circuit
          5. Motor speed control
          6. Fan-based temperature controller
       3. Chapter 15. Thermal techniques in measurement and control circuitry
          1. Temperature controller
          2. Thermally stabilized pin photodiode signal conditioner
          3. 50MHz bandwidth thermal RMS→DC converter
          4. Low flow rate thermal flowmeter
          5. Thermally-based anemometer (air flowmeter)
          6. Low distortion, thermally stabilized Wien Bridge oscillator
          7. References
       4. Chapter 16. Methods of measuring op amp settling time
          1. References
       5. Chapter 17. High speed comparator techniques
          1. Introduction
          2. The LT1016—an overview
          3. The Rogue’s gallery of high speed comparator problems
          4. Oscilloscopes
          5. Applications section
          6. Fast track-and-hold circuit
          7. Appendix A
          8. Appendix B
          9. Appendix C
          10. Appendix D
          11. Appendix E
          12. References
       6. Chapter 18. Designs for high performance voltage-to-frequency converters
          1. Ultra-high speed 1hz to 100mhz v→f converter
          2. Fast response 1hz to 2.5Mhz v→f converter
          3. High stability quartz stabilized v→f converter
          4. Ultra-linear v→f converter
          5. Single cell v→f converter
          6. Sine wave output v→f converter
          7. 1/X transfer function v→f converters
          8. Ex transfer function v→f converter
          9. →frequency converter
          10. References
       7. Chapter 19. Unique IC buffer enhances op amp designs, tames fast amplifiers
          1. Introduction
          2. Design concept
          3. Basic design
          4. Follower boost
          5. Charge storage PNP
          6. Isolation-base transistor
          7. Complete circuit
          8. Buffer performance
          9. Bandwidth
          10. Phase delay
          11. Step response
          12. Output impedance
          13. Capacitive loading
          14. Slew response
          15. Input offset voltage
          16. Input bias current
          17. Voltage gain
          18. Output resistance
          19. Output noise voltage
          20. Saturation voltage
          21. Supply current
          22. Total harmonic distortion
          23. Maximum power
          24. Short circuit characteristics
          25. Isolating capacitive loads
          26. Integrators
          27. Impulse integrator
          28. Parallel operation
          29. Wideband amplifiers
          30. Track and hold
          31. Bidirectional current sources
          32. Voltage regulator
          33. Voltage/current regulator
          34. Supply splitter
          35. Overload clamping
          36. Conclusions
          37. Appendix
       8. Chapter 20. Power gain stages for monolithic amplifiers
          1. 150mA output stage
          2. High current booster
          3. UltraFast™ fed—forward current booster
          4. Simple voltage gain stages
          5. High current rail-to-rail output stage
          6. ±120V output stage
          7. Unipolar output, 1000V gain stage
          8. ±15V powered, bipolar output, voltage gain stage
          9. References
       9. Chapter 21. Composite amplifiers
       10. Chapter 22. A simple method of designing multiple order all pole bandpass filters by cascading 2nd order sections
           1. Introduction
           2. Designing bandpass filters
           3. Example 1—design
           4. Hardware implementation
           5. Designing bandpass filters—theory behind the design
           6. Cascading identical 2nd order bandpass sections
           7. Example 2—design
           8. Hardware implementation
           9. Mode 2 operation of ltc1060 family
           10. Cascading more than two identical 2nd order BP sections
           11. Using the tables
           12. Example 3—design
           13. Example 3—frequency response estimation
           14. Example 3—implementation
       11. Chapter 23. FilterCAD user’s manual, version 1.10
           1. What is filtercad?
           2. License agreement/disclaimer
           3. Filtercad download
           4. Hardware requirements
           5. What is a filter?
           6. Step one, the basic design
           7. Step two, graphing filter response
           8. Implementing the filter
           9. Saving your filter design
           10. Loading a filter design file
           11. Printing a report
           12. Quitting filtercad
           13. A Butterworth lowpass example
           14. A Chebyshev bandpass example
           15. Two elliptic examples
           16. A custom example
           17. Editing cascade order
           18. More practical examples
           19. Notches…the final frontier
           20. Appendix 1
           21. Appendix 2
       12. Chapter 24. 30 nanosecond settling time measurement for a precision wideband amplifier: Quantifying prompt certainty
           1. Introduction
           2. Settling time defined
           3. Considerations for measuring nanosecond region settling time
           4. Practical nanosecond settling time measurement
           5. Detailed settling time circuitry
           6. Using the sampling-based settling time circuit
           7. Compensation capacitor effects
           8. Verifying results—alternate method
           9. Summary and results
           10. Appendix A
           11. Appendix B
           12. Appendix C
           13. Appendix D
           14. Appendix E
           15. References
       13. Chapter 25. Application and optimization of a 2GHz differential amplifier/ADC driver
           1. Introduction
           2. Low distortion
           3. Low noise
           4. Gain and power options
           5. Input considerations
           6. Dynamic range and output networks
           7. Stability
           8. Layout considerations
           9. Conclusion
           10. Appendix A Terms and definitions
           11. Appendix B Sample noise calculations
           12. Appendix COptimizing noise performance by calculation of voltage and current noise correlation
           13. References
       14. Chapter 26. 2 nanosecond, 0.1% resolution settling time measurement for wideband amplifiers: Quantifying quick quiescence
           1. Introduction
           2. Settling time defined
           3. Considerations for measuring nanosecond region settling time
           4. Practical nanosecond settling time measurement
           5. Detailed settling time circuitry
           6. Using the sampling-based settling time circuit
           7. Verifying results—alternate method
           8. Summary of results and measurement limits
           9. Appendix A
           10. Appendix B
           11. Appendix C
           12. Appendix D
           13. Appendix E
           14. Appendix F
           15. Appendix G
           16. Appendix H
           17. References
       15. Chapter 27. An introduction to acoustic thermometry: An air filled olive jar teaches signal conditioning
           1. Introduction
           2. Acoustic thermometry
           3. Practical considerations
           4. Overview
           5. Detailed circuitry
           6. Appendix A
           7. Appendix B
           8. References
    3. Section 3: High Frequency/RF Design
       1. Section 3. High Frequency/RF Design
          1. Low noise varactor biasing with switching regulators (28)
          2. Low cost coupling methods for RF power detectors replace directional couplers (29)
          3. Improving the output accuracy over temperature for RMS power detectors (30)
       2. Chapter 28. Low noise varactor biasing with switching regulators: Vanquishing villainous vitiators vis-à-vis vital varactors
          1. Introduction
          2. Varactor biasing considerations
          3. Low noise switching regulator design
          4. Layout issues
          5. Level shifts
          6. Test circuit
          7. Noise performance
          8. Effects of poor measurement technique
          9. Frequency-domain performance
          10. Appendix A
          11. Zetex variable capacitance diodes
          12. Appendix B
          13. Appendix C
          14. References
       3. Chapter 29. Low cost coupling methods for RF power detectors replace directional couplers
          1. Introduction
       4. Chapter 30. Improving the output accuracy over temperature for RMS power detectors
          1. Introduction
          2. Ltc5583 temperature compensation design
          3. 2nd Iteration calculation
          4. LTC5582 single detector
          5. Conclusion
13. PART 3: Circuit Collections
    1. Part 3. Circuit Collections
       1. Circuit techniques for clock sources (31)
       2. Measurement and control circuit collection (32)
       3. Circuit collection, volume I (33)
       4. Video circuit collection (34)
       5. Practical circuitry for measurement and control problems (35)
       6. Circuit collection, volume III: data conversion, interface and signal processing (36)
       7. Part Three
       8. Circuit collection, volume V: data conversion, interface and signal conditioning products (38)
       9. Signal sources, conditioners and power circuitry (39)
       10. Current sense circuit collection (40)
       11. Power conversion, measurement and pulse circuits (41)
    2. Chapter 31. Circuit techniques for clock sources
       1. Noncrystal clock circuits
    3. Chapter 32. Measurement and control circuit collection: Diapers and designs on the night shift
       1. Introduction
       2. Low noise and drift chopped bipolar amplifier
       3. Low noise and drift-chopped FET amplifier
       4. Stabilized, wideband cable driving amplifier with low input capacitance
       5. Voltage programmable, ground referred current source
       6. 5V Powered, fully floating 4mA to 20mA current loop transmitter
       7. Transistor ΔVBE based thermometer
       8. Micropower, cold junction compensated thermocouple-to-frequency converter
       9. Relative humidity signal conditioner
       10. Inexpensive precision electronic barometer
       11. 1.5V Powered radiation detector
       12. 9ppm Distortion, quartz stabilized oscillator
       13. 1.5V Powered temperature compensated crystal oscillator
       14. 90μA Precision voltage-to-frequency converter
       15. Bipolar (AC) input V-F converter
       16. 1.5V Powered, 350ps rise time pulse generator
       17. A simple ultralow dropout regulator
       18. Cold cathode fluorescent lamp power supply
       19. References
    4. Chapter 33. Circuit collection, volume I
       1. Introduction
       2. A-to-D converters
       3. Interface
       4. Power
       5. Filters
       6. Miscellaneous circuits
    5. Chapter 34. Video circuit collection
       1. Introduction
       2. Video cable drivers
       3. Video processing circuits
       4. Multiplexer circuits
       5. Appendix A
       6. Appendix B
       7. Appendix C
       8. Conclusion
    6. Chapter 35. Practical circuitry for measurement and control problems: Circuits designed for a cruel and unyielding world
       1. Introduction
       2. Appendix A
       3. Appendix B
       4. References
    7. Chapter 36. Circuit collection, volume III: Data conversion, interface and signal processing
       1. Introduction
       2. Data conversion
       3. Interface
       4. Filters
       5. Instrumentation
       6. Noise generators for multiple uses
       7. Noise generators for multiple uses
       8. Video/op amps
       9. Miscellaneous circuits
    8. Chapter 37. Circuitry for signal conditioning and power conversion: Designs from a once lazy sabbatical
       1. Introduction
       2. Micropower voltage-to-frequency converters
       3. Micropower a/d converters
       4. 10-bit, micropower a/d converter
       5. Differential input, 10mhz rms/dc converter
       6. Nanosecond coincidence detector
       7. 15 nanosecond waveform sampler
       8. 5.5μA powered, 0.05μv/°c chopped amplifier
       9. Pilot light flame detector with low-battery lockout
       10. Tip-acceleration detector for shipping containers
       11. 32.768khz “watch crystal” oscillator
       12. Complementary output, 50% duty cycle crystal oscillator
       13. Nonoverlapping, complementary output crystal oscillator
       14. High power ccfl backlight inverter for desktop displays
       15. Ultralow noise power converters
       16. Low noise boost regulator
       17. Low noise bipolar supply
       18. Ultralow noise off-line power supply
       19. Appendix A
       20. Appendix B
       21. References
    9. Chapter 38. Circuit collection, volume V: Data conversion, interface and signal conditioning products
       1. Introduction
       2. Data converters
       3. Interface circuits
       4. Operational amplifiers/video amplifiers
       5. Telecommunications circuits
       6. Comparators
       7. Instrumentation circuits
       8. Filters
       9. Miscellaneous
    10. Chapter 39. Signal sources, conditioners and power circuitry
        1. Introduction
        2. Voltage controlled current source—ground referred input and output
        3. Stabilized oscillator for network telephone identification
        4. Micro-mirror display pulse generator
        5. Simple rise time and frequency reference
        6. 850 picosecond rise time pulse generator with <1% pulse top aberrations
        7. 20 picosecond rise time pulse generator
        8. Nanosecond pulse width generator
        9. Single rail powered amplifier with true zero volt output swing
        10. Milliohmmeter
        11. 0.02% accurate instrumentation amplifier with 125vcm and 120db cmrr
        12. Wideband, low feedthrough, low level switch
        13. 5V powered, 0.0015% linearity, quartz-stabilized v→f converter
        14. Basic flashlamp illumination circuit for cellular telephones/cameras
        15. 0V to 300v output dc/dc converter
        16. Low ripple and noise 0v to 300v output dc/dc converter
        17. 5V to 200v converter for apd bias
        18. Wide range, high power, high voltage regulator
        19. 5V to 3.3V, 15a paralleled linear regulator
        20. Appendix A
        21. Appendix B
        22. References
    11. Chapter 40. Current sense circuit collection: Making sense of current
        1. Introduction
        2. Current sense basics
        3. Low side current sensing (Figure 40.1)
        4. High side current sensing (Figure 40.2)
        5. Full-range (high and low side) current sensing (Figure 40.3)
        6. High side
        7. Low side
        8. Negative voltage
        9. Monitor current in positive or negative supply lines (Figure 40.40)
        10. Unidirectional
        11. Bidirectional
        12. AC
        13. DC
        14. Level shifting
        15. High voltage
        16. Low voltage
        17. High current (100mA to Amps)
        18. Low current (picoamps to milliamps)
        19. Motors and inductive loads
        20. Batteries
        21. High speed
        22. Fast compact −48V current sense (Figure 40.149)
        23. Fault sensing
        24. Digitizing
        25. Current control
        26. Precision
        27. Wide range
    12. Chapter 41. Power conversion, measurement and pulse circuits: Tales from the laboratory notebook
        1. Introduction
        2. JFET-based dc/dc converter powered from 300mv supply
        3. Bipolar transistor-based 550mv input dc/dc converter
        4. 5V to 200v converter for apd bias
        5. Battery internal resistance meter
        6. Floating output, variable potential battery simulator
        7. 40nvp-p noise, 0.05μv/°c drift, chopped fet amplifier
        8. Wideband, chopper stabilized fet amplifier
        9. Submicroampere rms current measurement for quartz crystals
        10. Direct reading quartz crystal-based remote thermometer
        11. 1Hz–100mhz v→f converter
        12. Delayed pulse generator with variable time phase, low jitter trigger output
        13. References
14. Index