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## 6.6. Magnetohydrodynamic free convection of Al2O3–water nanofluid considering thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects

### 6.6.1. Problem definition

The schematic diagram and the mesh of the semiannulus enclosure used in the present CVFEM program are shown in Fig. 6.31 [12]. The inner and outer walls are maintained at constant temperatures Th and Tc, respectively, while the two other walls are thermally insulated. Also, the boundary conditions of concentration are similar to temperature. It is also assumed that the uniform magnetic field ($Math Equation$) of constant magnitude $Math Equation$ is applied, where $Math Equation$ and $Math Equation$ are unit vectors in the Cartesian ...

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