Applications of Nanofluid for Heat Transfer Enhancement

6.6. Magnetohydrodynamic free convection of Al₂O₃–water nanofluid considering thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects

6.6.1. Problem definition

The schematic diagram and the mesh of the semiannulus enclosure used in the present CVFEM program are shown in Fig. 6.31 [12]. The inner and outer walls are maintained at constant temperatures T_h and T_c, respectively, while the two other walls are thermally insulated. Also, the boundary conditions of concentration are similar to temperature. It is also assumed that the uniform magnetic field ($\overrightarrow{B}=B_x\overrightarrow{e_x}+B_y\overrightarrow{e_y}$) of constant magnitude $B=\sqrt{B_x^2+B_y^2}$ is applied, where $\overrightarrow{e_x}$ and $\overrightarrow{e_y}$ are unit vectors in the Cartesian ...