book

Applied Deep Learning on Graphs

Name: Applied Deep Learning on Graphs
ISBN: 9781835885963

by Lakshya Khandelwal, Subhajoy Das

December 2024

Intermediate to advanced

250 pages

6h 57m

English

Packt Publishing

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Applied Deep Learning on Graphs
Contributors
About the authors
About the reviewers
Preface
Who this book is forWhat this book coversTo get the most out of this bookDownload the example code filesConventions usedGet in touchShare Your Thoughts
Part 1: Foundations of Graph Learning
Chapter 1: Introduction to Graph Learning
Do we need graphs?A case studyFormalizing graphsDefinition and semanticsTypes and properties of graphsDirected graphsBipartite graphsConnected graphsWeighted graphsSubgraphsCentralityCommunity structureIsomorphismGraph data structuresAdjacency matrixAdjacency listTraditional graph-based solutionsSearchingPartitioningPath optimizationThe need for representation learningGNNs and the need for a separate verticalSummary
Chapter 2: Graph Learning in the Real World
Node-level learningNode classificationNode regressionNode clusteringNode anomaly detectionEdge-level learningEdge classificationEdge regressionEdge clusteringEdge outlier detectionGraph-level learningGraph-level representationsReal-world applicationsRecommender systemsKnowledge graphsEntity and relationship embeddingsSemantic similarity and entity resolutionSome other applicationsSummary
Chapter 3: Graph Representation Learning
Representation learning – what is it?Graph representation learningA framework for graph learningDeepWalkRandom walk – the what and the whyEstimating the node embeddingsNode2VecGraph traversal approachesFinalizing the random walk strategyNode2Vec versus DeepWalkLimitations of shallow encodingsSummary
Part 2: Advanced Graph Learning Techniques
Chapter 4: Deep Learning Models for Graphs
Technical requirementsMessage passing in graphsDecoding GNNsGCNsUsing GCNs for different graph tasksGraphSAGEGATsAttention networksAttention coefficients computationAggregation of neighbor featuresMulti-head attentionStacking GAT layersSummary

Chapter 5: Graph Deep Learning Challenges
Data-related challengesHeterogeneity in graph structuresDynamic and evolving graphsNoisy and incomplete graph dataModel architecture challengesCapturing long-range dependenciesDepth limitation in GNNsOver-smoothing and over-squashingBalancing local and global informationFacing a model architecture challenge – an exampleComputational challengesScalability issues for large graphsMemory constraints in graph processingParallel and distributed computing for graphsTask-specific challengesNode classification in imbalanced graphsLink prediction in sparse graphsGraph generation and reconstructionGraph matching and alignmentInterpretability and explainabilityExplaining GNN decisionsVisualizing graph embeddingsSummary
Chapter 6: Harnessing Large Language Models for Graph Learning
Understanding LLMsTextual data in graphsLeveraging InstructGLMLLMs for graph learningLLMs as enhancersLLMs as predictorsIntegrating RAG with graph learningAdvantages of graph RAG (GRAG) approachesChallenges in integrating LLMs with graph learningSummary
Part 3: Practical Applications and Implementation
Chapter 7: Graph Deep Learning in Practice
Setting up the environmentCreating the graph datasetNode classification – predicting student interestsLink prediction – recommending new friendshipsSummary
Chapter 8: Graph Deep Learning for Natural Language Processing
Graph structures in NLPImportance of graph representations in languageTypes of linguistic graphsGraph-based text summarizationExtractive summarization using graph centralityAbstractive summarization with graph-to-sequence modelsInformation extraction (IE) using GNNsEvent extractionOpen IEAdvantages of GNN-based IEGraph-based dialogue systemsDialogue state tracking with GNNsGraph-enhanced response generationKnowledge-grounded conversations using graphsGraph-based dialogue policy learningSummary
Chapter 9: Building Recommendation Systems Using Graph Deep Learning
Fundamentals of recommendation systemsTypes of recommendation systemsKey metrics and evaluationGraph structures in recommendation systemsUser-item interaction graphsIncorporating side informationTemporal graphsMulti-relational graphsGraph-based recommendation modelsMF with graph regularizationGraph neural network modelsTraining graph deep learning modelsData preprocessingModel training techniquesScalability and optimizationMini-batch training with neighborhood samplingDistributed trainingExplainability in graph-based recommendationsAttention mechanisms for interpretabilityPath-based explanationsThe cold start problemGraph embedding transferContent-based feature integrationSummary
Chapter 10: Graph Deep Learning for Computer Vision
Traditional CV approaches versus graph-based approachesGraph construction for visual dataPixel-level graphsSuperpixel-based graphsObject-level graphsScene graphsComparing different graph construction methodsGNNs for image classificationGraph convolutional networks for image dataAttention mechanisms in graph-based image classificationHierarchical graph representations for multi-scale feature learningGNNs versus CNNsObject detection and segmentation using GNNsGraph-based object proposal generationInstance segmentation with GNNsPanoptic segmentation using graph-structured outputsMulti-modal learning with GNNsIntegrating visual and textual information using graphsCross-modal retrieval using graph-based representationsGNNs for visual-language navigationLimitations and next stepsScalability issues in large-scale visual datasetsEfficient graph construction and updating for real-time applicationsIntegrating graph-based methods with other deep learning approachesNew applications and research opportunitiesSummary
Part 4: Future Directions
Chapter 11: Emerging Applications
Biology and healthcareProtein-protein interaction networksDrug discovery and developmentDisease prediction and progression modelingBrain connectomics analysisGenomics and gene regulatory networksSocial network analysisCommunity detectionInfluence propagation modelingUser behavior predictionFake news detectionFinancial servicesFraud detection in transaction networksCredit risk assessmentStock market prediction using company relationship graphsAnti-money laundering systemsPersonalized financial recommendationsSystemic risk assessmentCybersecurityWhy graphs for cybersecurity?Network intrusion detectionMalware detectionEnergy systemsGraph representation of energy systemsLoad forecastingFault detection and localizationOptimal power flowRenewable energy forecastingEnergy storage managementVulnerability assessmentIoTDevice interaction modelingAnomaly detection in sensor networksPredictive maintenanceSmart home applicationsLegal governance and complianceKnowledge graph construction for legal and regulatory dataAutomated compliance monitoring and risk assessmentLegal document analysis and contract managementRegulatory intelligence and policy impact assessmentSummary
Chapter 12: The Future of Graph Learning
Emerging trends and directionsScalability and efficiencyInterpretability and explainabilityDynamic and temporal graphsHeterogeneous and multi-modal graphsAdvanced architectures and techniquesGraph transformers and attention mechanismsGraph generative modelsFew-shot and zero-shot learning on graphsReinforcement learning on graphsIntegration with other AI domainsGraph learning and LLMsFederated graph learningQuantum GNNsPotential breakthroughs and long-term visionArtificial general intelligence and graphsNeuromorphic computing with graphsGraph learning in the MetaverseInterdisciplinary applicationsSummary
Index
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Content preview from Applied Deep Learning on Graphs

6 Harnessing Large Language Models for Graph Learning

Traditionally, graph neural networks (GNNs) have been the workhorse for graph learning tasks, achieving impressive results. However, recent research explores the exciting potential of large language models (LLMs) in this domain.

In this chapter, we’ll delve into the intersection of LLMs and graph learning, exploring how these powerful language models can enhance graph-based tasks. We’ll begin with an overview of LLMs, followed by a discussion of the limitations of GNNs and the motivations for incorporating LLMs. Then, we’ll explore various approaches for utilizing LLMs in graph learning, the intersection of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with graphs, and explain the advantages and challenges ...

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Applied Deep Learning on Graphs

by Lakshya Khandelwal, Subhajoy Das

6

Harnessing Large Language Models for Graph Learning

Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
and much more.