6Optical Diagnostics and Imaging
6.1 Optical Characterization
A variety of specialized test and characterization techniques are employed in the evaluation of optical circuits. Correlation of the information obtained from each characterization provides a complete analysis of the electronic and optical properties of the optical circuit. These are discussed in the following sections.
Figure 6.1 illustrates the experimental setup most commonly used in end-fire coupled loss measurements. Direct end-fire coupling is achieved by focusing laser light into and out of the waveguide with an appropriate lens system. Systems designed for use with solid-state laser diodes eliminate the elliptical beam pattern and astigmation common in these types of lasers ...
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