book

Beginning Xcode®

by James Bucanek

April 2006

Beginner

623 pages

17h 3m

English

Wrox

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Who This Book Is ForWhat This Book CoversHow This Book Is StructuredWhat You Need to Use This BookConventionsAdditional InformationText StylesSource CodeBonus SectionsErratap2p.wrox.com
1.1. The Xcode Installer1.2. Running the Installer1.3. Upgrading Xcode1.4. Removing and Reinstalling Xcode1.5. Summary
2.1. The Project2.1.1. Source Group2.1.2. Smart Groups2.2. Menus2.3. Editor2.4. Data Mining2.5. Getting Help2.6. Building2.7. Getting It Right2.8. Collaboration2.9. Summary
3.1. Project Layout3.1.1. Choosing a Layout3.1.2. Changing the Layout3.2. Groups & Files3.2.1. Project Structure Group3.2.2. Smart Groups3.2.3. Altering Source Groups and Their Contents3.2.4. Showing and Hiding Groups3.2.5. Reusing Your Layout3.2.6. Creating Simple Smart Groups3.2.7. Deleting Simple Smart Groups3.3. Details, Details3.3.1. Showing and Hiding Details3.3.2. Showing Details in the Groups & Files List3.4. Info Windows3.5. Toolbars3.6. Status Bar and Favorites Bar3.7. Activity Viewer Window3.8. Summary3.9. Exercise
4.1. Creating a New Project4.1.1. Choosing a Template4.1.2. Naming the New Project4.1.3. What's in a Name?4.1.4. Who's __MyCompanyName__?4.1.5. Closing a Project4.1.6. Opening One or More Projects4.1.7. Renaming and Relocating Projects4.1.8. Upgrading Projects4.1.9. Old Project Templates4.1.10. Importing ProjectBuilderWO (WebObjects) Projects4.1.11. Migrating from CodeWarrior to Xcode4.1.12. Migrating from Anything Else to Xcode4.2. Project Attributes4.3. Summary4.4. Exercise
5.1. References5.2. Organizing Sources5.2.1. Default References5.2.2. Sharing a Subfolder5.2.3. Everything Is Relative5.2.4. Outside the Box5.2.5. Bad References5.3. Source Item Types5.4. Creating New Source Files5.5. Adding Existing Sources5.5.1. Selecting the Items to Add5.5.1.1. Copying Items into the Destination Group's Folder5.5.1.2. Reference Type5.5.1.3. Text Encoding5.5.1.4. Recursively Creating Groups and Creating Folder References5.5.1.5. Adding To Targets5.5.2. Adding an Open File5.6. Source Attributes5.6.1. Changing Attributes for Multiple Items5.6.2. Ridding Targets of Unwanted Files5.7. Reorganizing Sources5.8. Summary5.9. Exercise

6.1. Windows and Panes6.1.1. Editing Panes6.1.2. Closing and Saving Editor Panes6.2. The Editor Pane6.2.1. Scroll Bars6.2.2. Split-Pane Editing6.2.3. Gutter6.2.4. Navigation Bar6.2.5. Status and Toolbars6.3. Display Options6.4. Navigation Within a File6.4.1. Cursor Movement6.4.2. Emacs6.4.3. Scrolling6.4.4. Jumping6.4.4.1. Functions6.4.4.2. Bookmarks6.4.4.3. Breakpoints6.4.5. Navigation Between Files6.4.5.1. File History6.4.5.2. Aggregate History6.4.5.3. Adding an Arbitrary File to the History6.4.5.4. Included Files6.4.5.5. Switching to the Header or Source File6.4.5.6. Jumping to the Definition6.5. Editing6.5.1. Selecting Text6.5.1.1. Selecting Columns6.5.1.2. Selecting Blocks6.5.1.3. Selecting a Line or Character6.5.2. Deleting Text6.5.3. Drag and Drop6.5.4. Font and Text Styles6.5.5. Saving Files6.5.6. Undo6.6. Syntax-Aware Editing6.6.1. Syntax Coloring6.6.2. Changing Syntax Coloring for a Single File6.7. Indenting Text6.7.1. Re-indenting Text6.7.2. Tab Settings for a Single File6.8. Code Sense6.8.1. Invoking Code-Completion6.8.2. Rebuilding the Code Sense Index6.9. Text Macros6.10. Shell Scripts6.11. Spell Checking6.11.1. Interactive Checking6.11.2. Finding One Word6.11.3. Checking While Typing6.12. File Encoding6.13. Localizing Files6.14. Printing6.15. Services6.16. Using an External Editor6.17. Summary
7.1. Searching a Text File7.1.1. Searching for a Text Pattern7.1.2. Searching for a Regular Expression7.1.2.1. Regular Expressions7.1.2.1.1. Patterns7.1.2.1.2. Operators7.1.2.2. More about Regular Expressions7.2. Replacing Text7.2.1. Replacing Text Using Regular Expressions7.3. Search History7.4. Searching Multiple Files7.4.1. Find Results Smart Group7.4.2. Project Search History7.4.3. Replacing Text in Multiple Files7.4.4. Batch File Options7.5. Search Shortcuts7.6. Searching Lists7.7. Summary7.8. Exercise
8.1. Navigating the Class Browser8.2. Class Browser Option Sets8.3. Browser Shortcuts8.4. Summary
9.1. Help and Documentation Window9.1.1. Browsing the Apple Developer Connection Reference Library9.1.2. Navigating Help Documents9.1.3. Bookmarks9.1.4. External Links9.1.5. Extended Documentation9.1.6. Controlling Text Size9.2. Searching Documentation9.2.1. Full-Text Search9.2.2. Search Expressions9.2.3. API Search9.3. Man Pages9.4. AppleScript Dictionaries9.5. Staying Up-To-Date9.6. Documentation Shortcuts9.7. Adding Custom Documentation9.8. The Xcode Community9.9. Summary
10.1. NIB Files10.1.1. Serialization10.1.2. Cocoa versus Carbon10.1.3. Xcode Integration10.2. Interface Builder's Interface10.2.1. Multiple NIB Document Windows10.2.2. Building Interfaces10.2.2.1. Opening Existing NIB Files10.2.2.2. Importing Resources10.2.3. Saving NIB Files10.2.4. Making Backups10.3. Creating Objects10.3.1. Creating Menus10.3.2. Creating Windows10.3.3. Creating Other Objects10.3.4. Selecting Objects10.3.5. Deleting Objects10.4. Testing an Interface10.5. Editing Objects10.5.1. Moving and Resizing Objects10.5.1.1. Shrinking Objects10.5.1.2. Making Objects the Same Size10.5.1.3. Aligning Objects10.5.1.4. Grouping Objects10.5.2. Subviews10.5.3. Guides10.5.4. Inspector Palette10.5.4.1. Attributes10.5.4.2. Connections10.5.4.3. Size10.5.4.4. Bindings10.5.4.5. Custom Class10.5.4.6. Accessibility10.5.4.7. Help10.5.4.8. AppleScript10.5.4.9. Sherlock10.5.4.10. Control10.5.4.11. Layout10.5.5. Tab Order10.6. Custom Classes10.6.1. Creating Classes in Interface Builder10.6.2. Importing and Exporting Classes10.7. NIB File Formats10.7.1. Compatibility Checking10.8. Customizing Interface Builder10.9. Summary10.10. Exercise
11.1. Creating a Class Model11.2. Creating a Quick Model11.3. Class Model Browser11.4. Class Model Diagram11.4.1. Nodes11.4.2. Tools11.4.3. Navigation11.4.3.1. Selecting11.4.3.2. Quick-Jump to Source11.5. Editing a Class Model11.5.1. Moving Nodes11.5.1.1. Automatic Layout11.5.1.2. Resizing Nodes11.5.1.3. Locking Nodes11.5.1.4. Grid and Grid Alignment11.5.2. Page Layout11.5.3. Changing the Tracking11.5.4. Adding Annotations11.5.5. Customizing Colors and Fonts11.5.6. Hiding Classes and Members11.6. Summary
12.1. Technology12.2. Terminology12.3. Creating a Data Model12.3.1. Creating Entities12.3.2. Creating Properties12.3.2.1. Attributes12.3.2.2. Relationships12.3.3. Adding Fetched Properties12.3.4. Adding Fetch Requests12.4. Data Modeling Interface12.4.1. Data Model Browser12.4.2. Detail Pane Views12.4.2.1. General Pane12.4.2.2. User Info Pane12.4.2.3. Configurations Pane12.4.3. Data Model Diagram12.4.4. Tools12.4.5. Duplicating Entities and Properties12.4.6. Predicate Builder12.4.6.1. Simple Expressions12.4.6.2. Compound Expressions12.4.6.3. Textual Expressions12.5. Creating an Instant Interface12.6. Creating NSManagedObject Subclasses12.7. Exporting Class Methods12.8. Summary
13.1. Target Components13.2. Target Types13.2.1. Native Targets13.2.2. Jam-Based Targets13.2.2.1. Upgrading Jam-Based Targets13.2.3. External Targets13.2.4. Aggregate Targets13.3. Creating a Target13.3.1. Target Template Groups13.3.1.1. Special Templates13.3.1.2. BSD Templates13.3.1.3. Carbon13.3.1.4. Cocoa13.3.1.5. Java13.3.1.6. Kernel Extension13.3.1.7. Legacy13.3.2. Duplicating Targets13.3.3. Deleting Targets13.4. Build Phases13.4.1. Files in a Build Phase13.4.2. Build Phase Types13.4.2.1. Compiler Phases13.4.2.2. Copy Phases13.4.2.3. Script Phase13.5. Build Rules13.6. Target Dependencies13.6.1. Adding Target and Project Dependencies13.6.2. Strategies for Target Dependencies13.7. Build Settings13.8. Jam-Based Target Editor13.9. Properties13.10. Products13.11. Executables13.12. Summary13.13. Exercise
14.1. Starting and Stopping a Build14.2. Clean Builds14.2.1. Controlling the Build of Individual Items14.2.2. Selecting the Active Target and Build Configuration14.2.3. Building an Inactive Target14.3. Partial Builds14.4. The Build Window14.4.1. Navigating Errors and Warnings14.4.2. Opening and Closing the Build Window Automatically14.5. Common Build Preferences14.6. Build Locations14.7. Build Location Strategies14.8. Build Settings14.8.1. The Scope of Build Settings14.8.2. Build Setting Evaluation14.9. Build Configurations14.10. Editing Build Settings14.10.1. Creating and Deleting a Build Setting14.10.2. Build Setting Values14.10.3. Switching Between Build Configurations14.11. Editing Build Configurations14.12. Configuration Files14.12.1. Adding a Configuration File14.12.2. Using Configuration Files14.13. Moving Build Settings Around14.14. Environment Settings14.15. Customizing the Build14.15.1. Per-File Compiler Flags14.15.2. Cross-Development14.15.3. Building Universal Binaries14.15.4. Disallowing ZeroLink14.15.5. Build Settings in Detail14.15.5.1. Products14.15.5.2. Info.plist files14.15.5.3. Search Paths14.15.5.4. Pre-compiled Headers and Prefix Headers14.15.5.5. C Compiler14.15.5.6. Java Compiler14.15.5.7. Other Compilers14.15.5.8. Linker Settings14.15.5.9. Kernel Modules14.15.5.10. Deployment14.15.5.11. Build Information14.15.5.11.1. Tools14.15.5.11.2. Standard System Locations14.16. The xcodebuild Tool14.16.1. Using the xcodebuild Tool14.16.2. Compatibility14.17. Distributed Builds14.18. Summary14.19. Exercise
15.1. Running an Application15.1.1. Choosing the Active Executable15.1.2. Built to be Debugged15.2. Debugging Executables15.3. Attaching to Running Executables15.4. The Debugger Window15.4.1. The Threads Pane15.4.2. The Listing or Editor Pane15.4.3. The Variables Pane15.5. Controlling the Debugger15.6. Debug Visualizer15.7. Breakpoints15.7.1. Breakpoint Types15.7.2. Breakpoints Window15.7.3. Deleting Breakpoints15.7.4. Grouping Breakpoints15.7.5. Enabling and Disabling Breakpoints15.7.6. Creating Symbolic Breakpoints15.7.7. Iffy Breakpoints15.7.8. Breakpoint Actions15.7.9. Breakpoint Continuation15.7.10. Importing and Exporting Breakpoints15.7.11. Breakpoint Templates15.8. Examining Data15.8.1. Viewing Global Variables15.8.2. Expressions15.9. Data Formatters15.9.1. Beyond Data Formatter Strings15.9.2. Object Descriptions15.10. Watchpoints15.11. Changing Data and Code15.11.1. The Magic Fix15.11.2. Magic Fix Limiations15.12. Debugger Console15.13. Shared Libraries15.14. Custom Executables15.14.1. General Settings15.14.2. Arguments and Environment15.14.3. Debugging15.14.4. Selecting an Executable15.15. Debugger Preferences15.16. Remote Debugging15.17. Debugging Aides15.17.1. Catching a Catch15.17.2. Stopping for Debugger() and DebugStr()15.17.3. Guard Malloc15.17.4. Debug Variables15.18. Summary
16.1. Performance Basics16.2. Preparing for Analysis16.3. Shark16.3.1. Profile View16.3.2. Statistical Sampling16.3.3. Code View16.3.4. Stack View16.3.5. Refining the Analysis16.3.6. Saving and Comparing Shark Sessions16.3.7. Merging Shark Sessions16.3.8. Tip of the Iceberg16.4. Sampler16.5. MallocDebug16.5.1. Pruning16.6. ObjectAlloc16.6.1. Global Allocations16.6.2. History Graph16.6.3. Instance Browser16.6.4. Call Stack16.7. Other Performance and Analysis Tools16.8. Summary16.9. Exercise
17.1. How Unit Tests Work17.2. Preparing for Unit Tests17.2.1. Independent Unit Tests17.2.2. Dependent Unit Tests17.2.3. Target Dependencies17.3. Adding a Unit Test Target17.3.1. Configuring an Independent Unit Test17.3.2. Configuring a Dependent Unit Test17.3.2.1. Testing Libraries and Frameworks17.3.2.2. Preparing Your Application17.4. Creating a Unit Test17.4.1. Inter-test Initialization17.4.2. Objective-C Tests17.4.3. Objective-C Test Macros17.4.4. C++ Tests17.4.4.1. C++ Test Registration17.4.4.2. C++ Test Macros17.4.4.3. C++ Test Execution17.5. Debugging Unit Tests17.5.1. Debugging Dependent Unit Tests17.5.2. Debugging Independent Unit Tests17.6. Summary17.7. Exercise
18.1. Source Trees18.1.1. Define a Source Tree18.1.2. Source Tree References18.2. Source Control18.2.1. Installing the Subversion Client18.2.2. Creating a Repository18.2.3. Adding a Project to Source Control18.2.4. Configuring a Project for Source Control18.2.5. Source Control Interface18.2.6. SCM Smart Group18.2.7. Committing Changes18.2.8. Saving Before Committing18.2.9. Discarding Changes18.2.10. Adding Files to Source Control18.2.11. Deleting Files under Source Control18.2.12. Renaming Files under Source Control18.2.13. Updating Files18.2.14. Comparing Revisions18.2.15. Customizing Compare18.2.16. Merging Changes18.2.17. Viewing Annotations18.2.18. Resolving Conflicts18.2.19. Going Offline18.2.20. SCM and the Project Document18.3. Summary
19.1. Xcode Preferences19.2. Key Bindings19.2.1. Menu Key Bindings19.3. Expert Preferences19.3.1. Projects and Files19.3.2. Editing19.3.3. Functions Menu19.3.4. Building19.3.5. Distributed Builds19.3.6. Debugging19.3.7. Source Code Management19.3.8. Documentation19.4. Templates19.4.1. File Templates19.4.2. Template Macros19.4.3. Project Templates19.4.3.1. Project Templates with Macros19.4.3.2. File References in Project Templates19.4.3.3. Problems with Project Templates19.4.3.4. Project Template Portability19.4.4. Target Templates19.5. Custom Scripts19.5.1. The StartupScript19.5.2. The Default StartupScript19.5.3. Anatomy of a Custom Script19.5.4. Menu Script Definitions19.5.4.1. PBXName19.5.4.2. PBXKeyEquivalent19.5.4.3. PBXInput19.5.4.4. PBXOutput19.5.4.5. PBXIncrementalDisplay19.5.4.6. PBXArgument19.5.4.7. PBXNewScript19.5.5. Custom Script Variables19.5.5.1. PBXSelectedText and PBXAllText19.5.5.2. PBXTextLength, PBXSelectionStart, PBXSelectionEnd, and PBXSelectionLength19.5.5.3. PBXSelection19.5.6. Script Helpers19.5.6.1. Prompt for a String19.5.6.2. Ask for an Existing File or Folder19.5.6.3. Prompt for a New File19.5.6.4. Ask for an Application19.5.6.5. Altering the Xcode Menus19.6. AppleScript19.7. Summary19.8. Exercise
B.1. Empty ProjectsB.2. ActionB.3. ApplicationB.4. BundleB.5. Command-Line UtilityB.6. Dynamic LibraryB.7. FrameworkB.8. JavaB.9. Kernel ExtensionB.10. Loadable BundleB.11. Standard Apple Plug-insB.12. Static LibraryB.13. WebObjects

Content preview from Beginning Xcode®

Chapter 16. Performance Analysis

Whether it's a rollercoaster ride or a visit to the dentist, a lot of times you just want things to go faster—and the applications you build with Xcode are no exception. Speeding up an application entails finding and eliminating inefficient code, making better use of the computer's resources, or just thinking differently. Neither Xcode nor I can help you with the last one. Sometimes the most dramatic improvements in a program are those that come from completely rethinking the problem. There are, sadly, no developer tools to simulate your creativity.

The more mundane approaches are to reduce the amount of wasted effort your application expends and to harness more of the computer system's power. To do that you first need to know where your application is spending its time and learn what resources it's using. In other words, to make your application run faster, you need to know what's slowing it down. This is a process known as performance analysis. And for that, Xcode offers a number of very powerful tools.

Xcode's performance analysis tools are strictly for native binaries and Java. To my knowledge, there are no performance analysis tools for AppleScript.

This chapter covers the four performance analysis tools that you can launch directly from within Xcode: Shark, Sampler, MallocDebug, and ObjectAlloc. The Developers tools CD that you used to install Xcode contains many other specialized tools for helping you identify and optimize your application. There ...