February 2024
Intermediate to advanced
326 pages
4h 39m
Chinese
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第9章 常见设计模式
设计模式最初由著名的四人组（Gang of Four，GoF）在其著作Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software中提出，自此以后这个主题在软件工程领域得以广泛传播。设计模式可以帮助解决常见的问题，这是使用适合特定场景的抽象实现的。在实现正确的情况下，设计模式可以改善解决方案的总体设计。
本章介绍一些常见的设计模式，但不涉及如何在特定情况下应用现成的设计模式，而分析设计模式对编写整洁代码有何帮助。给出实现设计模式的解决方案后，我们将进行分析，指出如果最初选择了不同的路径，最终的实现更好。
通过这样的分析，你将明白如何在Python中具体地实现设计模式。这将让你意识到，Python 的动态特征使得设计模式的 Python 实现与静态类型语言实现之间存在一些差异（很多设计模式都源自静态类型语言）。这意味着Python中的设计模式有一些独特之处。在有些情况下，如果试图应用并不适用的设计模式，编写出的代码将不符合Python的语言习惯。
本章涵盖如下主题。
● 常见设计模式。
● 在Python中不适用的设计模式及其符合Python语言习惯的替代解决方案。
● 以符合Python语言习惯的方式实现常见的设计模式。
● 优良的抽象是如何自然而然地演变成模式的。
通过前面的学习，你现在能够从较高的层级对设计进行分析，同时从详细实现的角度思考（如何使用Python特性以效率最高的方式编写代码）。
本章讨论如何使用设计模式让代码更整洁，我们先来说说在Python中使用设计模式时需要注意的事项。
9.1 在Python中使用设计模式时需要注意的事项
面向对象的设计模式属于软件构建理念，在处理问题模型时经常能派上用场。设计模式是高层次的理念，不与特定的编程语言挂钩，而是有关应用程序中对象如何交互的通用概念。当然，设计模式也包含实现细节，这些细节随使用的语言而异，并非设计模式的精髓所在。 ...
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