book

Blockchain with Hyperledger Fabric - Second Edition

by Nitin Gaur, Anthony O'Dowd, Petr Novotny, Luc Desrosiers, Venkatraman Ramakrishna, Salman A. Baset

November 2020

Intermediate to advanced

756 pages

19h 29m

English

Packt Publishing

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Who this book is forWhat this book coversDownloading the example codeConventions usedGet in touchReviews
Our focus for the new editionDefining the terms – what is blockchain?Design considerations for blockchain solutionsFour core building blocksAdditional capabilities to considerFundamentals of the secure transaction processing protocolWhere blockchain technology has been and where it's goingThe great divideAn economic model for blockchain deliveryLearning as we goThe promise of trust and accountabilityBlockchain in the enterpriseWhat applications are a good fit?Enterprise blockchain business evaluation considerationsA few thoughts on blockchain business modelsBusiness growth and innovationHow do growth and innovation relate to a blockchain-powered network?Considerations for evaluating the economic value of blockchain entitiesBlockchain investment rubricHow does the enterprise view blockchain?Integrating a blockchain infrastructure for the whole enterprise Enterprise design principlesBusiness drivers and evolutionEnsuring the sustainability of blockchain-based business networksDesign principles that drive blockchain adoptionBusiness considerations for choosing a blockchain frameworkTechnology considerations for choosing a blockchain frameworkIdentity managementScalabilityEnterprise securityDevelopment toolingCrypto-economic modelsDecentralization with systemic governanceEnterprise supportUse case-driven pluggability choicesShared ledger technology ConsensusCrypto algorithms and encryption technologyEnterprise integration and designing for extensibilityOther considerationsConsensus, ACID properties, and CAPAttestation – SSCs are signed and encryptedUse of HSMsSummaryReferences
Building on the foundations of open computing Fundamentals of the Hyperledger projectThe Linux FoundationHyperledgerOpen source and open standardsHyperledger frameworks, tools, and building blocks Hyperledger distributed ledger frameworksHyperledger librariesHyperledger toolsThe building blocks of blockchain solutions Hyperledger Fabric component designPrinciples of Hyperledger designHyperledger Fabric reference architectureHyperledger Fabric runtime architectureStrengths and advantages of a componentized designHyperledger Fabric – the journey of a sample transactionActors and components in a Hyperledger Fabric networkActors in a blockchain networkComponents in a blockchain networkDeveloper interactionCAP theoremNew features covered in this bookSummary
A busy world of purposeful activityWhy a language for business networks?Defining a business networkIntroducing participantsTypes of participantIndividual participantsOrganizational participantsSystem or device participantsA participant is an agentParticipant identityIntroducing assetsAssets flow between participantsTangible and intangible assetsThe structure of assetsOwnershipA special kind of relationshipOwnership and asset tokenizationAsset life cyclesDescribing a life cycle with transactionsIntroducing transactionsChange and transactionsTransaction definition and instanceImplicit and explicit transactionsThe importance of contractsSignaturesSmart contract multi-party transactionsDigital transaction processingInitiating transactionsTransaction historyTransaction streamsA network of networksCurrent value and transaction history A business network as a history of transactionsRegulatorsIntroducing eventsA universal conceptEvent notificationsAn event exampleEvents and transactionsExternal and explicit eventsLoosely coupled designEvents are useful!Business network technologyMore dematerializationThe blockchain benefitInteracting with a blockchainOrganizational structureTechnical componentryParticipantsAPIsApplication tierSmart contract LedgerPeerOrdering serviceNetwork channelIdentitySummary
Trading and letters of creditThe importance of trust in facilitating tradeThe letter of credit process todayBusiness scenario and use caseOverviewReal-world processesSimplified and modified processesTerms used in trade finance and logisticsShared process workflowShared assets and dataParticipants' roles and capabilitiesAdvantages of blockchain applications over current real-world processesDesigning and configuring a Hyperledger Fabric trade networkDesigning a networkInstalling prerequisitesSetting up the development/test environmentTesting the IBP extensionForking and cloning the trade-network repositoryCreating and running a network configurationPreparing the networkGenerating network cryptographic materialGenerating channel artifactsComposing a sample trade networkNetwork components' configuration filesConfiguring peer databasesLaunching a sample trade networkConfiguring our development environment for network operationsCreating Fabric identity walletsCreating a Fabric environmentCreating a node fileCreating and connecting to a Fabric environment in VS CodeSummary
Architecture of the trade solutionStarting the contract development Opening and packaging a contractDeploying a contract in the testing environmentInvoking and debugging a contractCreating a contract The contract interfaceImplementing the contractAccess control ABACRegistering a userEnrolling a userAccess control in the contractImplementing contract functions Scenario contracts' functionsDefining contract assetsCoding contract functions Creating an asset Reading and modifying an assetTesting a contractCreating a test suite fileDefining a test suiteUnit testsRunning tests in the terminalRunning tests in VS CodeAdvanced contract design topicsCross-contract and cross-ledger invocationComposite keysRange and composite key queriesState queries and CouchDBIndexesHistory queriesTransaction mechanismsThe ReadSet and WriteSet Multiversion concurrency control Logging output Configuration Logging API Standard output and error Additional API functions Summary
Business networksSolution application componentsThe transaction ledger and multi-party transactionsSmart contractsApplicationsNetwork channelsThe multi-party transactionTransaction typeTransaction identifierProposalResponseValid and invalid transactionsThe ledgerState databaseStateState collections BlockchainImmutable blocks and transactionsImmutabilityPrimacy of the blockchainSmart contractsA central role in the networkSmart contracts and consensusWriting a smart contractSmart contract structureContract class and transaction methodsElaborating a smart contractWriting smart contract transaction methodsMarshalling the transaction proposal inputAccessing the ledger to generate a transaction responseAccessing the state databaseReturning a signed transaction responseChecking that business objects existTransaction handlersOther functionality available in fabric-contract-apiAnnotationsPackaging smart contractsA word on terminologySmart contract package definition agreementProgramming languageChoice of programming languageUsing a type systemModularity – a big idea in Hyperledger FabricEndorsement policyThe structure of an endorsement policyNetwork agreementWhy endorsement?Endorsement policy – a separate concern State-based endorsementCollection endorsement policySummary
ApplicationsThe three basic application operationsThe application SDKDeclarative APIs and the fabric-network packageSeparating the physical from the logicalQuerying the ledgerSubmitting a new transactionThe processHow the SDK makes consensus easyRequesting ledger notification Wallets and identityUsing an identityUsing a walletGatewaysWhy gateways are usefulDiscoveryA network view for an applicationAccessing networks and smart contractsSingle network gatewayMulti-network gatewayQuerying the ledgerSmart contract packaging and namespacesUsing EvaluateTransaction to query the ledgerSeparating the logical from the physicalSynchronous and asynchronous queriesQuery in a more complex topologySubmitting a new transactionThe other organizations in the networkWhat it means to evaluate and submit a transactionThe network topology doesn't matter!Atomic transactions within and across networksCombining transactions in a single unit of workEvents and notificationsTransactions, events, and smart contractsTransactions and eventsSmart contracts and eventsEvent listening and notificationListening – how it worksAsynchronous responsesSummary
Customizing SDK behaviorConnection options to the rescueEvent handler functionsCheckpoint handlerTransient dataExplicitly recording transaction inputHiding the transaction inputPrivate dataUsing private data collectionsSmart contract exploitationPrivate data with transient dataUnderstanding private data collectionsPrivate data consensus and off-chain dataPrivate data collections and verifiabilityRecapping on stylesThe verify-style transaction Applications, organizations, and private dataPrivate data consensusThe insert-style transactionThe most important tradeInsert-style smart contractInsert-style application transaction submissionRead your own writesCollection and state endorsements policyLevels of endorsement policyA note on collection policiesThe transfer-style transactionThe createInfo transactionThe transferInfo transactionThe updateInfo transactionThe transfer-style application transaction submissionSummarizing smart contracts, transactions, and applicationsAdvanced smart contract packagingMulti-definition packagesFunctional packagingSummary
Stages in a Fabric network's life cycleFabric application model and architectureFabric application development overviewArchitecture of a Fabric application for tradeOperations – network setup and bootstrapOperations overview – channel and contract setupPrerequisites – creating all channel artifactsCreating all channel artifactsLaunching the networkOverview of Fabric tools and commandsCreating channelsUsing the trade.sh script as a shortcutVerifying block creationJoining organization peers to channelsSetting organization anchor peers on channelsRunning all channel operations in one goInstalling and initializing contractsUsing CLI tools to install and initialize contractsInstalling contracts using the VS Code IBP extensionDeveloping service-layer applicationsApplication runtime life cycleAn application for the importer's organizationImporter application structureProject dependenciesSetting application properties and generating a connection profileDesigning a service API for the importer applicationUser registration, login, and session managementUser roles and access controlFabric registration, enrolment, and identity walletsContract invocations through gatewaysLaunching and testing the applicationEvent managementExercising the application through a presentation layerLaunching applicationsAn end-to-end scenario – trade request to final paymentUsers and their credentialsRegistering usersLogging in usersRequesting a trade as an importerAccepting a trade as an exporterRequesting a letter of credit as an importerIssuing a letter of credit as an importer's bankAccepting a letter of credit as an exporter's bankRequesting an export license as an exporterIssuing an export license as a regulatorPreparing a shipment as an exporterAccepting a shipment and issuing a bill of lading as a carrierRequesting a partial payment as an exporter's bankMaking a partial payment as an importer's bankDelivering a shipment as a carrierRequesting the balance payment as an exporter's bankMaking the balance payment as an importer's bankViewing the list of active or processed trades as an importerUsing a production-grade ordering serviceSummary of key stepsSummary

Design considerationsManaging heterogeneityProcess alignmentMessage affinityService discoveryIdentity mappingIntegration design patternsIntegrating with an existing system of recordIntegrating with an operational data store for blockchain analyticsMicroservice and event-driven architectureResiliency and fault toleranceReliability and availabilityServiceabilitySummary
Defining the promotion processAligning the promotion process to componentsSmart contract considerationsIntegration layer considerationsContinuous integrationPromotion process overviewConfiguring a CI pipelineCustomizing the pipeline processPublishing our smart contract packageConfiguring your GitHub repositorySetting the code owners of our smart contractProtecting the master branchConfiguring Git for commit signing and validationConfiguring GPG on your local workstationTesting considerations for the trade networkUnit testingDefining our user story and business scenariosTest fixtureMapping scenarios to MochaImplementing unit testsIntegration testingSetting up the integration testsTesting the trade business processRunning the integration testsExercising the end-to-end processCreating a new transactionAdding the mergeTrade unit testSubmitting a pull request with a signed commitReleasing the new versionContinuous deliveryKubernetes as a platform for Hyperledger Fabric Infrastructure as Code and AnsibleDeployment process overviewCentralization versus decentralizationNotifying the consortiumApplying these concepts to our networkSetting up AnsibleStarting the network using AnsiblePulling a new chaincode releaseUpgrading the networkSummary
Decentralization and governanceExploring business modelsBlockchain benefitsSupply chain managementHealthcareLetters of creditFrom benefits to profitsB2B and B2C considerationsNetwork business modelsFounder-led networksConsortium-based networksCommunity-based networksHybrid modelsFunding modelsToken-based modelsTraditional modelsMembership considerationsGovernance of a business networkMapping business roles to blockchain rolesGovernance structureCentralized governanceExploring the levels of governanceMapping governance to organizational structureDecentralized governanceBusiness domains and processesMembership life cycleFunding and feesRegulationEducationService life cycleDisputesBlockchain as a governance toolManaging network policiesTypes of policiesOrganization level versus network levelConsortiumsChannelsEndorsementsSummary
Modifying or upgrading a Hyperledger Fabric applicationChanging requirements and update modesFabric blockchain and application life cycleNetwork organization resource updatesAdding a peer to an organizationInstalling a smart contract on a new peerRemoving a peer from an organizationChannel configuration updatesAdding a new organization to a live networkPrerequisites for adding a new organization to the networkGenerating cryptographic material for the new organizationGenerating channel artifacts for the new organizationGenerating the cryptographic and channel artifacts in one operationDocker containers for the new organizationLaunching network components for the new organizationUpdating the channel configurationJoining the new organization's peer to the channelsSetting the anchor peer for the new organization's peer on the channelsInstalling contracts on peers in the new organizationSmart contract and policy updatesOverview of contract update proceduresModification in contract business logicEndorsement policy updatesUpgrading contract code and endorsement policies on the channelsAugmenting the distributed applicationPlatform upgradesUpgrading a live four-organization trade networkSystem monitoring and performanceMeasurement and analyticsFabric system measurement considerations Metrics for performance analysisFabric application performance measurement and data collectionMeasuring system health indicatorsFabric support for component monitoringProfiling containers and applicationsMeasuring application performanceFabric engineering guidelines for performancePlatform performance characteristicsSystem bottlenecksConfiguration and tuningLedger data availability and cachingFabric performance measurement and benchmarkingSummary
Hyperledger Fabric design goals impacting security Hyperledger Fabric architectureFabric CA or membership service providerPeerSmart contractsLedgerPrivate dataOrdering nodeHistory of the ordering service in Hyperledger FabricNetwork bootstrap and data governance: the first step toward securityBootstrapping the network with known membersDefining the process for sharing dataDefining the data model of the shared dataMapping data sharing needs Hyperledger-based mechanisms for operational agility Adding new members to the network (or channel) Deploying, instantiating, and upgrading smart contracts on peers in the networkStrong identities: the key to the security of the Hyperledger Fabric networkBootstrapping Fabric CA RegisterEnrollRevoking identitiesPractical considerations in managing users in Fabric CASmart contract securityHow is a smart contract shared with other endorsing peers?Who can install smart contracts?Smart contract encryptionAttribute-based access controlCommon threats and how Hyperledger Fabric mitigates themHyperledger Fabric and quantum computingGDPR considerationsSummary
Summary of key Hyperledger projectsHyperledger frameworks: business blockchain technologyDistributed ledger frameworksHyperledger librariesHyperledger toolsBlockchain's future and the challenges aheadAddressing the divide: the enterprise blockchain and cryptoasset-driven ecosystemInteroperability: understanding business service integrationBlockchain protocol commercialization: a "BizTech" agendaLayer 1 – Foundational trust and transaction layerLayer 2 – Protocol optimization layerLayer 3 – Blockchain business service layerLayer 4 – Industry/business application layerAdjunct business layerDevising modularity to avoid lock-in linkagesScalability and economic viability of blockchain solutionsHow can you help and stay engaged?Summary

Content preview from Blockchain with Hyperledger Fabric - Second Edition

8 Advanced Topics for Developing Smart Contracts and Applications

In this, the last of three chapters on application and smart contract development, we cover a series of more advanced topics related to Hyperledger Fabric smart contract and application development.

Chapter 6, Developing Smart Contracts, and Chapter 7, Developing Applications, introduced the central topic of a multi-party transaction. Such a transaction captures a specific change to a set of business objects. It is also signed by multiple organizations to indicate their agreement with this change. Hyperledger Fabric provides a decentralized technical infrastructure, owned by multiple organizations, for the processing of multi-party transactions:

Figure 8.1: Recalling the main ...

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Securing Blockchain Networks like Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric

Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9781839218750Supplemental Content

Blockchain with Hyperledger Fabric - Second Edition

by Nitin Gaur, Anthony O'Dowd, Petr Novotny, Luc Desrosiers, Venkatraman Ramakrishna, Salman A. Baset

8

Advanced Topics for Developing Smart Contracts and Applications

Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
and much more.

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8

Advanced Topics for Developing Smart Contracts and Applications

Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,and much more.

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Securing Blockchain Networks like Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric

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Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
and much more.