Building RESTful Python Web Services

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1. Marshmallow is:
   1. A lightweight library for converting complex datatypes to and from native Python datatypes.
   2. An ORM .
   3. A lightweight web framework that replaces Flask.

2. SQLAlchemy is:
   1. A lightweight library for converting complex datatypes to and from native Python datatypes.
   2. An ORM .
   3. A lightweight web framework that replaces Flask.

3. The marshmallow.pre_load decorator:
   1. Registers a method to run after any instance of the MessageSchema class is created.
   2. Registers a method to invoke after serializing an object.
   3. Registers a method to invoke before deserializing an object.

4. The dump method for any instance of a Schema subclass:
   1. Routes URLs to Python primitives.
   2. Persists the instance or collection of instances passed as an argument to the database. ...