book

C Programming Essentials

Name: C Programming Essentials
ISBN: 9788131728895

by K. N. Dey, S. K. Bandyopadhyay

April 2010

Intermediate to advanced

290 pages

6h 20m

English

Pearson India

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Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Why Another New Book on C?Relevance of C in Today’s WorldFeatures of This BookTarget Audience for This BookAcknowledgements
1. Introduction
1.1. Software1.2. Systems Software1.2.1. Operating Systems1.2.2. Other System Software1.3. Application Software1.4. Program Development Process1.5. Algorithms1.6. Analysis of Algorithms1.7. Flowcharts1.8. Programming Language Classifications1.8.1. Assembly Language1.8.2. High-level Languages1.9. Programming Techniques1.9.1. Bottom-up Design1.9.2. Top-down Design1.9.3. Structured Programming1.9.4. Modular Design1.10. Structured Programming Constructs1.11. History of C Language1.12. C Language OverviewSummaryNew Terminology ChecklistExercises
2. The Foundation of C
2.1. Memory and Storage2.2. C Character Set2.3. C Keywords2.4. Whitespaces in C2.5. Data Types2.5.1. Basic Data Types in Ccharintfloatdouble2.5.2. Basic Data Types with Type Modifiers2.5.3. Restrictions on Use of Type Modifiers2.6. C Constants2.6.1. More on Primary ConstantsInteger constantsReal constantsCharacter constants2.6.2. String Constants2.7. Variables2.8. A Peek at Functions2.9. Useful Identifier-Naming Conventions2.10. Type-Declaration Statements2.11. Operators2.11.1. Arithmetic Operators2.11.2. Assignment Operator2.11.3. Increment and Decrement Operators2.11.4. Modulus Division Operator2.11.5. Shorthand Operators2.11.6. Relational and Logical Operators2.11.7. Bitwise Operators2.11.8. Ternary Conditional Operator2.11.9. sizeof Operator2.12. Operator Precedence2.13. Type Conversion in Expressions2.14. Type Conversion in Assignments2.15. Type Casting2.16. Comments2.17. Functions Revisited2.18. Putting It Together (First C Program)2.19. Some Standard Library I/O Functions2.19.1. The printf Library Function2.19.2. The scanf Library Function2.19.3. The getchar Library Function2.19.4. The putchar Library Function2.20. Scope of Identifiers2.21. Storage Classes2.21.1. Automatic Storage Class2.21.2. Register Storage Class2.21.3. Static Storage Class2.21.4. External Storage Class2.22. Storage Type Qualifiers2.22.1. const2.22.2. volatileSummaryNew Terminology ChecklistExercises
3. Control
3.1. The if Statement3.1.1. First Form (if Statement)3.1.2. Second Form (if–else Statement)3.1.3. Extended Form (Nested if Statements)3.2. The switch Statement3.3. The for Statement3.3.1. The Comma Operator3.4. The while Statement3.5. The do-while Statement3.6. The break and continue Statements3.7. The Infamous gotoSummaryNew Terminology ChecklistExercises
4. Functions and Recursion
4.1. Introduction4.2. Function Arguments4.3. The return Statement Revisited4.4. Call-By-Value4.5. Stacks in Function Calls4.6. Recursion4.7. Towers of Hanoi—Case Study of Recursion4.8. Efficiency Considerations for Use of FunctionsSummaryNew Terminology ChecklistExercises
5. Arrays
5.1. Need for Arrays5.2. Single-Dimensional Arrays5.3. Single-Dimensional Array Initialization5.4. Multi-Dimensional Arrays5.5. Matrices5.5.1. Matrix Addition5.5.2. Matrix Multiplication5.6. Row-Major and Column-Major Order5.7. Single-Dimensional Character Arrays (Strings)5.8. Initialization of Strings5.9. gets( ) and puts( )5.10. sscanf( ) and sprintf( )5.11. String Functions5.11.1. strlen5.11.2. strcmp and strncmp5.11.3. strcat and strncat5.11.4. strcpy and strncpy5.12. Two-Dimensional Character ArraysSummaryNew Terminology ChecklistExercises
6. Pointers
6.1. Defining a Pointer6.2. Scalars for Pointers6.3. Pointer Assignments and Expressions6.4. Pointer Comparison6.5. Passing Pointers to Functions6.6. Pointers and Arrays—Pointer Arithmetic6.6.1. Two Instances of Pointer Usage6.7. Pointers and Two-Dimensional Arrays6.8. Arrays of Pointers6.9. Pointers to Pointers6.10. Pointers to Functions6.11. Command-Line Arguments6.12. Other Pointer IssuesSummaryNew Terminology ChecklistExercises
7. User-Defined Data Types
7.1. Structures7.2. Declaring a Structure7.3. Defining a Structure Variable7.4. Initializing and Referencing Structure Members7.5. Nesting of Structures7.6. Operations on Structures7.7. Pointers to Structures7.8. Structures and Functions7.9. Arrays of Structures7.10. Self-Referential Structures7.11. Unions7.12. Enumerated Data Types7.13. Typedef7.14. Bit FieldsSummaryNew Terminology ChecklistExercises
8. File Access and Processing
8.1. Introduction8.2. Opening and Closing a Disc File8.3. Character Input/Output8.4. Error-Handling8.5. Reading and Writing a File in Convenient Chunks8.6. File PositioningSummaryNew Terminology ChecklistExercises

9. The C Preprocessor
9.1. Macro Substitution9.2. File Inclusion9.3. Conditional Compilation9.4. Additional Directives9.5. Predefined Preprocessor Identifiers9.6. ANSI Standard Header filesSummaryNew Terminology ChecklistExercises
A. Common Errors in C
A.1. Types of ErrorsProgramming ErrorsCompile ErrorsLink ErrorExecution ErrorLogical ErrorsA.2. Common Instances of ErrorsRemember to start and end comments correctlyThe assignment operator ‘=’ is often mistaken for the test operator ‘==’Errors with missing parenthesisUse of operators may have side effectsNon-terminated commentAccidental assignment/accidental booleansSwitch statementScanf errorsSize of arraysInteger divisionLoop errorsPrototypeRemember brackets with pointers and increment/decrement operatorsErrors caused by using a pointer as argument to a functionNon-initialized pointersString- and character-constant confusionsComparing strings with relational operatorsStrings without NULL terminatorNot leaving room for the NULL terminatorInput/Output errorsEOFLeaving characters in the input bufferReturning local array
B. More on Bitwise Operators in C
B.1. What, Why, and When?B.2. Bitwise Operators in Use
C. Some Useful Functions from stdlib.h
D. Creating Static Library with gcc
E. C99—A Brief Introduction
E.1. C99 OutlinesE.2. Some Features Removed In C99E.3. New Additions In C99KeywordsFeaturesE.4. Updation to C99 StandardE.5. New KeywordsInlineRestrictE.6. New TypesBoolComplex and _ImaginaryLong Long IntE.7. New Features In C99Single-line CommentsVariable Declaration Within for LoopVariable-sized ArraysDeclaration of Variable Within CodeCompound LiteralsFlexible-sized ArraysDesignated Initializer
F. Practice Problems
F.1. Section – IShort QuestionsF.2. Section – IIProgramming ExercisesSolutions for Programming Exercises

Content preview from C Programming Essentials

Chapter 1. Introduction

This chapter deals with the principles involved in programming — programs that are used to solve day-to-day problems and programs that make the computer system more usable from both an application programmer’s and a user’s point of view. An overview of programming will be given in view of the above class of problems. A brief history of C as an efficient programming language is provided at the end of the chapter.

Software

A program is generally made up of a sequence of instructions that clearly specify what a computer is supposed to do. Software, in contrast, is a set of programs that are either supplied by the manufacturer of the hardware associated with it or written by an application developer, with purposeful intent of ...

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C Programming Essentials

by K. N. Dey, S. K. Bandyopadhyay

Chapter 1. Introduction

Software

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