C Programming for the PIC Microcontroller: Demystify Coding with Embedded Programming

Appendix: Additional Resources

Useful Definitions

Bit operators

Operator	Description
&	AND each bit
|	OR each bit (inclusive OR)
^	EXOR each bit (exclusive OR)
<<n	Shift left n places
>>n	Shift right n places
~	One’s compliment (invert each bit)

For xample, if ‘x’ = 1111 1111, then:

Operation	Result
x & 0X0F	0000 1111
x | OXOF	1111 1111
x^0X0F	1111 0000
x = x<<2	1111 1100
x = x>>4	0000 1111
x = ~x	0000 0000

Mathematical and Logic Operators

Operator	Description
+	Leaves the variable as it was
-	Creates the negative of the variable
++	Increments the variable by 1
--	Decrements the variable by 1
∗	Multiplies the two variables y = a∗b
/	Divides y= a/b
%	Used to get the remainder of a division of two variables m = a%b
<	Less than if (y < a) means y is less than a
<=	Less than or equal to if (y < =a) ...