book

Cisco CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-101 Official Cert Guide

by Wendell Odom

June 2013

Beginner

950 pages

30h 26m

English

Cisco Press

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About the Book and the ExamsThe Exams That Help You Achieve CCENT and CCNATypes of Questions on the ExamsWhat’s on the CCNA Exam(s)?ICND1 Exam TopicsICND2 Exam Topics200-120 CCNA Exam TopicsAbout This BookBook FeaturesChapter FeaturesPart ReviewFinal Prep TasksOther FeaturesBook Organization, Chapters, and AppendixesReference InformationInstall the Pearson IT Certification Practice Test Engine and QuestionsRedeem Your Digital Product Voucher to Access the eBook and Practice Test CodeInstall the Software from the DVDActivate and Download the Practice ExamActivating Other ProductsPCPT Exam Databases with This BookHow to View Only Chapter Review Questions by PartHow to View Only Part Review Questions by PartAbout Mind MapsMind Map MechanicsAbout Mind Maps Used During Part ReviewAbout Building Hands-On SkillsOverview of Lab OptionsA Quick Start with Pearson Network Simulator LiteFor More Information
A Brief Perspective on Cisco Certification ExamsSuggestions for How to Approach Your Study with This BookNot One Book: 29 Short Read-and-Review SessionsFor Each Chapter, Do Not Neglect PracticeUse Book Parts for Major MilestonesUse the Final Review Chapter to Refine SkillsSet Goals and Track Your ProgressOther Small Tasks Before Getting StartedGetting Started—Now
Foundation TopicsPerspectives on NetworkingTCP/IP Networking ModelHistory Leading to TCP/IPOverview of the TCP/IP Networking ModelTCP/IP Application LayerHTTP OverviewHTTP Protocol MechanismsTCP/IP Transport LayerTCP Error Recovery BasicsSame-Layer and Adjacent-Layer InteractionsTCP/IP Network LayerInternet Protocol and the Postal ServiceInternet Protocol Addressing BasicsIP Routing BasicsTCP/IP Link Layer (Data Link Plus Physical)TCP/IP Model and TerminologyComparing the Original and Modern TCP/IP ModelsData Encapsulation TerminologyNames of TCP/IP MessagesOSI Networking ModelComparing OSI and TCP/IPDescribing Protocols by Referencing the OSI LayersOSI Layers and Their FunctionsOSI Layering Concepts and BenefitsOSI Encapsulation TerminologyReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsDefinitions of Key Terms
Foundation TopicsAn Overview of LANsTypical SOHO LANsTypical Enterprise LANsThe Variety of Ethernet Physical Layer StandardsConsistent Behavior over All Links Using the Ethernet Data Link LayerBuilding Physical Ethernet Networks with UTPTransmitting Data Using Twisted PairsBreaking Down a UTP Ethernet LinkUTP Cabling Pinouts for 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TStraight-Through Cable PinoutCrossover Cable PinoutChoosing the Right Cable PinoutsUTP Cabling Pinouts for 1000BASE-TSending Data in Ethernet NetworksEthernet Data Link ProtocolsEthernet AddressingIdentifying Network Layer Protocols with the Ethernet Type FieldError Detection with FCSSending Ethernet Frames with Switches and HubsSending in Modern Ethernet LANs Using Full-DuplexUsing Half-Duplex with LAN HubsReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key Terms
Foundation TopicsLeased Line WANsPositioning Leased Lines with LANs and RoutersPhysical Details of Leased LinesLeased Line CablingBuilding a WAN Link in a LabData Link Details of Leased LinesHDLC BasicsHow Routers Use a WAN Data LinkEthernet as a WAN TechnologyEthernet WANs that Create a Layer 2 ServiceHow Routers Route IP Packets Using Ethernet EmulationAccessing the InternetThe Internet as a Large WANInternet Access (WAN) LinksDigital Subscriber LineCable InternetReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key Terms
Foundation TopicsOverview of Network Layer FunctionsNetwork Layer Routing (Forwarding) LogicHost Forwarding Logic: Send the Packet to the Default RouterR1 and R2’s Logic: Routing Data Across the NetworkR3’s Logic: Delivering Data to the End DestinationHow Network Layer Routing Uses LANs and WANsIP Addressing and How Addressing Helps IP RoutingRouting ProtocolsIPv4 AddressingRules for IP AddressesRules for Grouping IP AddressesClass A, B, and C IP NetworksThe Actual Class A, B, and C IP NetworksIP SubnettingIPv4 RoutingIPv4 Host RoutingRouter Forwarding Decisions and the IP Routing TableA Summary of Router Forwarding LogicA Detailed Routing ExampleIPv4 Routing ProtocolsOther Network Layer FeaturesUsing Names and the Domain Name SystemThe Address Resolution ProtocolICMP Echo and the ping CommandReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key Terms
Foundation TopicsTCP/IP Layer 4 Protocols: TCP and UDPTransmission Control ProtocolMultiplexing Using TCP Port NumbersPopular TCP/IP ApplicationsConnection Establishment and TerminationUser Datagram ProtocolTCP/IP ApplicationsQoS Needs and the Impact of TCP/IP ApplicationsDefining Interactive and Batch ApplicationsReal-Time Voice and Video ApplicationsThe World Wide Web, HTTP, and SSLUniform Resource LocatorsFinding the Web Server Using DNSTransferring Files with HTTPReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key Terms
Repeat All Chapter Review QuestionsAnswer Part Review QuestionsReview Key TopicsCreate Terminology Mind Maps
Foundation TopicsLAN Switching ConceptsHistorical Progression: Hubs, Bridges, and SwitchesSwitching LogicThe Forward-Versus-Filter DecisionHow Switches Learn MAC AddressesFlooding FramesAvoiding Loops Using Spanning Tree ProtocolInternal Processing on Cisco SwitchesLAN Switching SummaryDesign Choices in Ethernet LANsCollision Domains, Broadcast Domains, and VLANsCollision DomainsBroadcast DomainsThe Impact of Collision and Broadcast Domains on LAN DesignVirtual LANs (VLAN)Choosing Ethernet Technology for a Campus LANCampus Design TerminologyEthernet LAN Media and Cable LengthsAutonegotiationAutonegotiation Results When Only One Node Uses AutonegotiationAutonegotiation and LAN HubsReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key Terms
Foundation TopicsAccessing the Cisco Catalyst 2960 Switch CLICisco Catalyst Switches and the 2960 SwitchSwitch Status from LEDsAccessing the Cisco IOS CLICabling the Console ConnectionConfiguring the Terminal Emulator for the ConsoleAccessing the CLI with Telnet and SSHPassword Security for CLI AccessUser and Enable (Privileged) ModesCLI Help FeaturesThe debug and show CommandsConfiguring Cisco IOS SoftwareConfiguration Submodes and ContextsStoring Switch Configuration FilesCopying and Erasing Configuration FilesInitial Configuration (Setup Mode)IOS Version and Other Reload FactsReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key TermsCommand References
Foundation TopicsConfiguration of Features in Common with RoutersSecuring the Switch CLISecuring Access with Simple PasswordsSecuring Access with Local Usernames and PasswordsSecuring Access with External Authentication ServersConfiguring Secure Shell (SSH)Encrypting and Hiding PasswordsEncrypting Passwords with the service password CommandHiding the Enable PasswordHiding the Passwords for Local UsernamesConsole and vty SettingsBannersHistory Buffer CommandsThe logging synchronous and exec-timeout CommandsLAN Switch Configuration and OperationEnabling IP for Remote AccessConfiguring IPv4 on a SwitchVerifying IPv4 on a SwitchConfiguring Switch InterfacesPort SecurityConfiguring Port SecurityVerifying Port SecurityPort Security ActionsSecuring Unused Switch InterfacesReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key TermsCommand References
Foundation TopicsVirtual LAN ConceptsCreating Multiswitch VLANs Using TrunkingVLAN Tagging ConceptsThe 802.1Q and ISL VLAN Trunking ProtocolsForwarding Data Between VLANsRouting Packets Between VLANs with a RouterRouting Packets with a Layer 3 SwitchVLAN and VLAN Trunking Configuration and VerificationCreating VLANs and Assigning Access VLANs to an InterfaceVLAN Configuration Example 1: Full VLAN ConfigurationVLAN Configuration Example 2: Shorter VLAN ConfigurationVLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)VLAN Trunking ConfigurationControlling Which VLANs Can Be Supported on a TrunkReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key TermsCommand Reference to Check Your Memory
Foundation TopicsPerspectives on Network Verification and TroubleshootingPreparing to Use an Organized Troubleshooting ProcessTroubleshooting as Covered in This BookAnalyzing LAN Topology Using Cisco Discovery ProtocolExamining Information Learned by CDPExamining the Status of the CDP ProtocolsAnalyzing Switch Interface StatusInterface Status Codes and Reasons for Nonworking StatesInterface Speed and Duplex IssuesCommon Layer 1 Problems on Working InterfacesPredicting Where Switches Will Forward FramesPredicting the Contents of the MAC Address TableAnalyzing the Forwarding PathPort Security and FilteringAnalyzing VLANs and VLAN TrunksEnsuring That the Right Access Interfaces Are in the Right VLANsAccess VLANs Not Being DefinedAccess VLANs Being DisabledCheck the Allowed VLAN List on Both Ends of a TrunkMismatched Trunking Operational StatesReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key TermsCommand References
Repeat All Chapter Review QuestionsAnswer Part Review QuestionsReview Key TopicsCreate Command Mind Map by Category
Foundation TopicsIntroduction to SubnettingSubnetting Defined Through a Simple ExampleOperational View Versus Design View of SubnettingAnalyze Subnetting and Addressing NeedsRules About Which Hosts Are in Which SubnetDetermining the Number of SubnetsDetermining the Number of Hosts per SubnetOne Size Subnet Fits All—Or NotDefining the Size of a SubnetOne Size Subnet Fits AllMultiple Subnet Sizes (Variable-Length Subnet Masks)This Book: One Size Subnet Fits All (Mostly)Make Design ChoicesChoose a Classful NetworkPublic IP NetworksGrowth Exhausts the Public IP Address SpacePrivate IP NetworksChoosing an IP Network During the Design PhaseChoose the MaskClassful IP Networks Before SubnettingBorrowing Host Bits to Create Subnet BitsChoosing Enough Subnet and Host BitsExample Design: 172.16.0.0, 200 Subnets, 200 HostsMasks and Mask FormatsBuild a List of All SubnetsPlan the ImplementationAssigning Subnets to Different LocationsChoose Static and Dynamic Ranges per SubnetReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key Terms
Foundation TopicsClassful Network ConceptsIPv4 Network Classes and Related FactsActual Class A, B, and C NetworksAddress FormatsDefault MasksNumber of Hosts per NetworkDeriving the Network ID and Related NumbersUnusual Network IDs and Network Broadcast AddressesPractice with Classful NetworksPractice Deriving Key Facts Based on an IP AddressPractice Remembering the Details of Address ClassesAdditional PracticeReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key TermsPracticeAnswers to Earlier Practice ProblemsAnswers to Practice Problem 7 (From Table 12-4)Answers to Practice Problem 8 (From Table 12-4)Answers to Practice Problem 9 (From Table 12-4)
Foundation TopicsSubnet Mask ConversionThree Mask FormatsConverting Between Binary and Prefix MasksConverting Between Binary and DDN MasksConverting Between Prefix and DDN MasksPractice Converting Subnet MasksIdentifying Subnet Design Choices Using MasksMasks Divide the Subnet’s Addresses into Two PartsMasks and Class Divide Addresses into Three PartsClassless and Classful AddressingCalculations Based on the IPv4 Address FormatPractice Analyzing Subnet MasksReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key TermsPracticeAnswers to Earlier Practice Problems
Foundation TopicsDefining a SubnetAn Example with Network 172.16.0.0 and Four SubnetsSubnet ID ConceptsSubnet Broadcast AddressRange of Usable AddressesAnalyzing Existing Subnets: BinaryFinding the Subnet ID: BinaryFinding the Subnet Broadcast Address: BinaryBinary Practice ProblemsShortcut for the Binary ProcessBrief Note About Boolean MathFinding the Range of AddressesAnalyzing Existing Subnets: DecimalAnalysis with Easy MasksPredictability in the Interesting OctetFinding the Subnet ID: Difficult MasksResident Subnet Example 1Resident Subnet Example 2Resident Subnet Practice ProblemsFinding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Difficult MasksSubnet Broadcast Example 1Subnet Broadcast Example 2Subnet Broadcast Address Practice ProblemsPractice Analyzing Existing SubnetsA Choice: Memorize or CalculateAdditional PracticeReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key TermsPracticeAnswers to Earlier Practice Problems
Repeat All Chapter Review QuestionsAnswer Part Review QuestionsReview Key TopicsCreate Terminology Mind MapCreate Subnet Math Mind Maps
Foundation TopicsInstalling Cisco RoutersInstalling Enterprise RoutersCisco Integrated Services RoutersPhysical InstallationInstalling Internet Access RoutersA SOHO Installation with a Separate Switch, Router, and Cable ModemA SOHO Installation with an Integrated Switch, Router, and DSL ModemEnabling IPv4 Support on Cisco RoutersComparisons Between the Switch CLI and Router CLIRouter InterfacesInterface Status CodesRouter Interface IP AddressesBandwidth and Clock Rate on Serial InterfacesRouter Auxiliary (Aux) PortOperational Status with the show version CommandReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key TermsCommand References
Foundation TopicsIP RoutingIPv4 Routing Process ReferenceAn Example of IP RoutingHost Forwards the IP Packet to the Default Router (Gateway)Routing Step 1: Decide Whether to Process the Incoming FrameRouting Step 2: Deencapsulation of the IP PacketRouting Step 3: Choosing Where to Forward the PacketRouting Step 4: Encapsulating the Packet in a New FrameRouting Step 5: Transmitting the FrameInternal Processing on Cisco RoutersPotential Routing Performance IssuesCisco Router Fast Switching and CEFConfiguring Connected RoutesConnected Routes and the ip address CommandRouting Between Subnets on VLANsConfiguring Routing to VLANs using 802.1Q on RoutersConfiguring Routing to VLANs Using a Layer 3 SwitchSecondary IP AddressingSupporting Connected Routes to Subnet ZeroConfiguring Static RoutesStatic Route ConfigurationStatic Default RoutesReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key TermsCommand Reference to Check Your Memory
Foundation TopicsComparing Dynamic Routing Protocol FeaturesRouting Protocol FunctionsInterior and Exterior Routing ProtocolsComparing IGPsIGP Routing Protocol AlgorithmsMetricsOther IGP ComparisonsAdministrative DistanceUnderstanding the OSPF Link-State Routing ProtocolBuilding the LSDB and Creating IP RoutesTopology Information and LSAsApplying Dijkstra SPF Math to Find the Best RoutesUsing OSPF Neighbor RelationshipsThe Basics of OSPF NeighborsMeeting Neighbors and Learning Their Router IDScaling OSPF Through Hierarchical DesignOSPF ConfigurationOSPF Single-Area ConfigurationMatching with the OSPF network CommandVerifying OSPFConfiguring the OSPF Router IDMiscellaneous OSPF Configuration SettingsOSPF Passive InterfacesOSPF Default RoutesReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key TermsCommand Reference to Check Your Memory
Foundation TopicsConfiguring Routers to Support DHCPDHCP Protocol Messages and AddressesSupporting DHCP for Remote Subnets with DHCP RelayInformation Stored at the DHCP ServerDHCP Server Configuration and Verification on RoutersIOS DHCP Server ConfigurationIOS DHCP Server VerificationDetecting Conflicts with Offered Versus Used AddressesVerifying Host IPv4 SettingsIP Address and Mask ConfigurationName Resolution with DNSDefault RoutersTesting Connectivity with ping, traceroute, and telnetThe ping CommandTesting IP Routes with ping on a RouterControlling the Source IP Address with Extended pingThe traceroute CommandHow the traceroute Command Workstraceroute and Similar CommandsTelnet and SuspendReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsDefinitions of Key TermsCommand Reference to Check Your Memory
Repeat All Chapter Review QuestionsAnswer Part Review QuestionsReview Key TopicsCreate Command Mind Map by Category
Foundation TopicsChoosing the Mask(s) to Meet RequirementsReview: Choosing the Minimum Number of Subnet and Host BitsNo Masks Meet RequirementsOne Mask Meets RequirementsMultiple Masks Meet RequirementsFinding All the Masks: ConceptsFinding All the Masks: MathChoosing the Best MaskThe Formal ProcessPractice Choosing Subnet MasksPractice Problems for Choosing a Subnet MaskAdditional Practice for Choosing the Subnet MaskFinding All Subnet IDsFirst Subnet ID: The Zero SubnetFinding the Pattern Using the Magic NumberA Formal Process with Less Than 8 Subnet BitsExample 1: Network 172.16.0.0, Mask 255.255.240.0Example 2: Network 192.168.1.0, Mask 255.255.255.224Finding All Subnets with Exactly 8 Subnet BitsFinding All Subnets with More Than 8 Subnet BitsProcess with 9–16 Subnet BitsProcess with 17 or More Subnet BitsPractice Finding All Subnet IDsPractice Problems for Finding All Subnet IDsAdditional Practice for Finding All Subnet IDsReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsDefinitions of Key TermsPracticeAnswers to Earlier Practice ProblemsAnswers to Practice Choosing Subnet MasksAnswers to Practice Finding All Subnet IDsAnswer, Practice Problem 1Answer, Practice Problem 2Answer, Practice Problem 3
Foundation TopicsVLSM Concepts and ConfigurationClassless and Classful Routing ProtocolsVLSM Configuration and VerificationFinding VLSM OverlapsAn Example of Finding a VLSM OverlapPractice Finding VLSM OverlapsAdding a New Subnet to an Existing VLSM DesignAn Example of Adding a New VLSM SubnetPractice Adding New VLSM SubnetsReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key TermsAppendix H Practice ProblemsAnswers to Earlier Practice ProblemsAnswers to Practice Finding VLSM OverlapsAnswers to Practice Adding VLSM SubnetsProblem 1Problem 2Problem 3Problem 4
Foundation TopicsManual Route Summarization ConceptsRoute Summarization BasicsRoute Summarization and the IPv4 Subnetting PlanVerifying Manually Summarized RoutesChoosing the Best Summary RoutesThe Process to Find the Best Summary RouteSample “Best” Summary on Router R3Sample “Best” Summary on Router R2Practice Choosing the Best Summary RoutesReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsAppendix I Practice ProblemsDefinition of Key TermsAnswers to Earlier Practice ProblemsProblem 1Problem 2Problem 3Problem 4
Repeat All Chapter Review QuestionsAnswer Part Review QuestionsReview Key TopicsCreate Process Mind Map
Foundation TopicsIPv4 Access Control List BasicsACL Location and DirectionMatching PacketsTaking Action When a Match OccursTypes of IP ACLsStandard Numbered IPv4 ACLsList Logic with IP ACLsMatching Logic and Command SyntaxMatching the Exact IP AddressMatching a Subset of the Address with WildcardsBinary Wildcard MasksFinding the Right Wildcard Mask to Match a SubnetMatching Any/All AddressesImplementing Standard IP ACLsStandard Numbered ACL Example 1Standard Numbered ACL Example 2Troubleshooting and Verification TipsPractice Applying Standard IP ACLsPractice Building access-list CommandsReverse Engineering from ACL to Address RangeReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsDefinitions of Key TermsAppendix J Practice ProblemsCommand Reference to Check Your MemoryAnswers to Earlier Practice Problems
Foundation TopicsExtended Numbered IP Access Control ListsMatching the Protocol, Source IP, and Destination IPMatching TCP and UDP Port NumbersExtended IP ACL ConfigurationExtended IP Access Lists: Example 1Extended IP Access Lists: Example 2Practice Building access-list CommandsNamed ACLs and ACL EditingNamed IP Access ListsEditing ACLs Using Sequence NumbersNumbered ACL Configuration Versus Named ACL ConfigurationRouter and Switch SecurityReview: Password Protections for the CLIDisable ServicesControlling Telnet and SSH Access with ACLsACL Implementation ConsiderationsNetwork Time ProtocolReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsDefinitions of Key TermsCommand Reference to Check Your MemoryAnswers to Earlier Practice Problems
Foundation TopicsPerspectives on IPv4 Address ScalabilityCIDRRoute Aggregation for Shorter Routing TablesIPv4 Address ConservationPrivate AddressingNetwork Address Translation ConceptsStatic NATDynamic NATOverloading NAT with Port Address Translation (PAT)NAT Overload (PAT) on Consumer RoutersNAT Configuration and TroubleshootingStatic NAT ConfigurationDynamic NAT ConfigurationDynamic NAT VerificationNAT Overload (PAT) ConfigurationNAT TroubleshootingReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key TermsCommand Reference to Check Your Memory
Repeat All Chapter Review QuestionsAnswer Part Review QuestionsReview Key TopicsCreate Command Mind Map by Category
Foundation TopicsIntroduction to IPv6The Historical Reasons for IPv6The IPv6 ProtocolsIPv6 RoutingIPv6 Routing ProtocolsIPv6 Addressing Formats and ConventionsRepresenting Full (Unabbreviated) IPv6 AddressesAbbreviating and Expanding IPv6 AddressesAbbreviating IPv6 AddressesExpanding Abbreviated IPv6 AddressesRepresenting the Prefix Length of an AddressCalculating the IPv6 Prefix (Subnet ID)Finding the IPv6 PrefixWorking with More Difficult IPv6 Prefix LengthsReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key TermsAdditional Practice with IPv6 Address AbbreviationsAnswers to Earlier Practice Problems
Foundation TopicsGlobal Unicast Addressing ConceptsA Brief Review of Public and Private IPv4 AddressesReview of Public IPv4 Addressing ConceptsReview of Private IPv4 Addressing ConceptsPublic and Private IPv6 AddressesThe IPv6 Global Routing PrefixAddress Ranges for Global Unicast AddressesIPv6 Subnetting Using Global Unicast AddressesDeciding Where IPv6 Subnets Are NeededThe Mechanics of Subnetting IPv6 Global Unicast AddressesListing the IPv6 Subnet IdentifierList All IPv6 SubnetsAssign Subnets to the Internetwork TopologyAssigning Addresses to Hosts in a SubnetUnique Local Unicast AddressesSubnetting with Unique Local IPv6 AddressesThe Need for Globally Unique Local AddressesReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key Terms
Foundation TopicsImplementing Unicast IPv6 Addresses on RoutersStatic Unicast Address ConfigurationConfiguring the Full 128-Bit AddressEnabling IPv6 RoutingVerifying the IPv6 Address ConfigurationGenerating a Unique Interface ID Using EUI-64Dynamic Unicast Address ConfigurationSpecial Addresses Used by RoutersLink-Local AddressesLink-Local Address ConceptsCreating Link-Local Addresses on RoutersIPv6 Multicast AddressesBroadcasts Versus MulticastsCommon Local Scope Multicast AddressesSolicited-Node Multicast AddressesMiscellaneous IPv6 AddressesReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key TermsAdditional Practice with IPv6 Address AbbreviationsCommand Reference to Check Your MemoryAnswers to Earlier Practice Problems
Foundation TopicsThe Neighbor Discovery ProtocolDiscovering Routers with NDP RS and RADiscovering Addressing Info for SLAAC with NDP RS and RADiscovering Neighbor Link Addresses with NDP NS and NADiscovering Duplicate Addresses Using NDP NS and NANDP SummaryDynamic Configuration of Host IPv6 SettingsDynamic Configuration Using Stateful DHCP and NDPDifferences Between DHCPv6 and DHCPv4DHCPv6 Relay AgentsUsing Stateless Address AutoconfigurationBuilding an IPv6 Address Using SLAACCombining SLAAC with NDP and Stateless DHCPVerification of Host IPv6 ConnectivityVerifying Host IPv6 Connectivity from HostsVerifying Host Connectivity from Nearby RoutersReview ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key TermsCommand Reference to Check Your Memory
Foundation TopicsConnected and Local IPv6 RoutesRules for Connected and Local RoutesExample of Connected IPv6 RoutesExamples of Local IPv6 RoutesStatic IPv6 RoutesStatic Routes Using the Outgoing InterfaceStatic Routes Using Next-Hop IPv6 AddressExample Static Route with a Global Unicast Next-Hop AddressExample Static Route with a Link-Local Next-Hop AddressStatic Default RoutesDynamic Routes with OSPFv3Comparing OSPF for IPv4 and IPv6OSPF Routing Protocol Versions and ProtocolsComparing OSPFv2 and OSPFv3Configuring Single-Area OSPFv3OSPFv3 Single-Area Configuration ExampleOSPFv3 Passive InterfacesVerifying OSPFv3 Status and RoutesVerifying OSPFv3 Configuration SettingsVerifying OSPFv3 NeighborsExamining the OSPFv3 DatabaseExamining IPv6 Routes Learned by OSPFv3Review ActivitiesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsReview All the Key TopicsComplete the Tables and Lists from MemoryDefinitions of Key TermsCommand Reference to Check Your Memory
Repeat All Chapter Review QuestionsAnswer Part Review QuestionsReview Key TopicsCreate IPv6 Addressing Mind MapCreate IPv6 Configuration and Verification Command Mind Map
Advice About the Exam EventLearn the Question Types Using the Cisco Certification Exam TutorialThink About Your Time Budget Versus Numbers of QuestionsA Suggested Time-Check MethodMiscellaneous Pre-Exam SuggestionsExam-Day AdviceExam ReviewPractice Subnetting and Other Math-Related SkillsTake Practice ExamsPracticing Taking the ICND1 ExamPracticing Taking the CCNA ExamAdvice on How to Answer Exam QuestionsFind Knowledge Gaps Through Question ReviewPractice Hands-On CLI SkillsReview Mind Maps from Part ReviewDo LabsOther Study TasksFinal Thoughts
Chapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3Chapter 4Chapter 5Chapter 6Chapter 7Chapter 8Chapter 9Chapter 10Chapter 11Chapter 12Chapter 13Chapter 14Chapter 15Chapter 16Chapter 17Chapter 18Chapter 19Chapter 20Chapter 21Chapter 22Chapter 23Chapter 24Chapter 25Chapter 26Chapter 27Chapter 28Chapter 29
Practice ProblemsAnswers
Mask Conversion ProblemsAnswers to Mask Conversion ProblemsMask Conversion Problem 1: AnswerMask Conversion Problem 2: AnswerMask Conversion Problem 3: AnswerMask Conversion Problem 4: AnswerMask Conversion Problem 5: AnswerMask Conversion Problem 6: AnswerMask Conversion Problem 7: AnswerMask Conversion Problem 8: AnswerMask Conversion Problem 9: AnswerMask Conversion Problem 10: AnswerMask Analysis ProblemsAnswers to Mask Analysis ProblemsMask Analysis Problem 1: AnswerMask Analysis Problem 2: AnswerMask Analysis Problem 3: AnswerMask Analysis Problem 4: AnswerMask Analysis Problem 5: AnswerMask Analysis Problem 6: AnswerMask Analysis Problem 7: AnswerMask Analysis Problem 8: AnswerMask Analysis Problem 9: AnswerMask Analysis Problem 10: Answer
Practice ProblemsAnswersAnswer to Problem 1Answer to Problem 2Answer to Problem 3Answer to Problem 4Answer to Problem 5Answer to Problem 6Answer to Problem 7Answer to Problem 8Answer to Problem 9Answer to Problem 10Answer to Problem 11Answer to Problem 12Answer to Problem 13Answer to Problem 14Answer to Problem 15Answer to Problem 16Answer to Problem 17Answer to Problem 18Answer to Problem 19Answer to Problem 20Answer to Problem 21Answer to Problem 22Answer to Problem 23Answer to Problem 24Answer to Problem 25
Mask Design Practice ProblemsMask Design AnswersAnswer to Mask Design Problem 1Answer to Mask Design Problem 2Answer to Mask Design Problem 3Answer to Mask Design Problem 4Answer to Mask Design Problem 5Answer to Mask Design Problem 6Practice Finding All Subnet IDsFind Subnet IDs, Problem Set 1: 8 or Fewer Subnet BitsFind Subnet IDs, Problem Set 2: More Than 8 Subnet BitsAnswers to Find Subnet IDs, Problem Set 1Problem Set 1, Answer 1: 172.32.0.0/22Problem Set 1, Answer 2: 200.1.2.0/28Problem Set 1, Answer 3: 10.0.0.0/15Problem Set 1, Answer 4: 172.20.0.0/24Answers to Find Subnet IDs, Problem Set 2Problem Set 2, Answer 1: 172.32.0.0/25Problem Set 2, Answer 2: 10.0.0.0/21
Practice ProblemsPractice Finding VLSM OverlapsPractice Adding New VLSM SubnetsAnswersAnswers to Practice Finding VLSM Overlap ProblemsAnswers to Practice Adding New VLSM Subnets ProblemsProblem 1Problem 2Problem 3Problem 4Problem 5
Practice Finding the Best Summary RouteAnswers to Practice ProblemsPractice Problem 1Practice Problem 2Practice Problem 3Practice Problem 4
Practice ProblemsPractice Building access-list CommandsReverse Engineering from ACL to Address RangeAnswers to Earlier Practice ProblemsAnswers: Practice Building access-list CommandsAnswers: Reverse Engineering from ACL to Address Range
Address Abbreviating and Expanding ProblemsCalculating the IPv6 Prefix ProblemsAnswers to Address Abbreviating and Expanding ProblemsAnswers to Calculating IPv6 Prefix Problems
EUI-64 and Solicited Node Multicast ProblemsAnswers to EUI-64 and Solicited Node Multicast Problems
Chapter 2Chapter 3Chapter 4Chapter 5Chapter 6Chapter 7Chapter 8Chapter 9Chapter 10Chapter 11Chapter 12Chapter 13Chapter 14Chapter 15Chapter 16Chapter 17Chapter 20Chapter 24Chapter 25Chapter 26Chapter 27Chapter 28Chapter 29
Chapter 2Chapter 3Chapter 4Chapter 5Chapter 6Chapter 7Chapter 8Chapter 9Chapter 10Chapter 11Chapter 12Chapter 13Chapter 14Chapter 15Chapter 16Chapter 17Chapter 20Chapter 24Chapter 25Chapter 26Chapter 27Chapter 28Chapter 29
Part I Review Mind Map SolutionPart II Review Mind Map SolutionPart III Review Mind Map SolutionsPart IV Review Mind Map SolutionPart V Review Mind Map SolutionPart VI Review Mind Map SolutionPart VII Review Mind Map Solutions

Content preview from Cisco CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-101 Official Cert Guide

Chapter 24. Network Address Translation

This last of the chapters about IPv4 topics looks at a very popular and very important part of both enterprise and small office/home office (SOHO) networks: Network Address Translation, or NAT. NAT helped solve a big problem with IPv4: The IPv4 address space would have been completely consumed by the mid-1990s. After it was consumed, the Internet could not continue to grow, which would have significantly slowed the development of the Internet.

This chapter actually discusses two short-term solutions to the IPv4 address exhaustion issue, which also serves as a good lead-in to IP version 6 (IPv6). NAT, along with classless interdomain routing (CIDR), helped extend the life of IPv4 as the network layer protocol ...