Clean Code in Python

Decorate functions

Functions are probably the simplest representation of a Python object that can be decorated. We can use decorators on functions to apply all sorts of logic to them—we can validate parameters, check preconditions, change the behavior entirely, modify its signature, cache results (create a memorized version of the original function), and more.

As an example, we will create a basic decorator that implements a retry mechanism, controlling a particular domain-level exception and retrying a certain number of times:

# decorator_function_1.pyclass ControlledException(Exception): """A generic exception on the program's domain.""" def retry(operation): @wraps(operation) def wrapped(*args, **kwargs): last_raised = None RETRIES_LIMIT ...