Coding Video

12Conclusions

12.1 What This Book Has and Has Not Covered

We will briefly review what has been covered in this book. I started with an overview of the basic video codec system or model that has been shared by all the popular video coding standards since the early 1990s. I reviewed the historical developments that have occurred since the 1950s that have influenced today's video codecs and standards.

I examined the use of structures to partition coded video, including organising a coded video sequence, coding Groups of Pictures, splitting up each frame into slices, tiles and basic coding units and partitioning coding units for prediction, transform and entropy coding. I looked at intra prediction, in which each block is predicted from pixels in the same frame, and inter prediction, in which blocks are predicted from pixels in previously coded frames such as past and future frames. I reviewed transforms and quantisation, which are the processes of transforming blocks of pixel data into a spatial frequency domain and then reducing the precision of the spatial frequency data. I covered entropy coding, which converts the elements of a coded video sequence into a compressed binary bitstream, with a particular focus on arithmetic coding. I considered how in‐loop filters can improve the performance of inter prediction. Finally, I reviewed the ways in which coded video is stored and communicated across today's networks and looked at how video codecs can be implemented in software or ...