July 2012
Intermediate to advanced
352 pages
9h 30m
English
book
Common Errors in Statistics (and How to Avoid Them), 4th Edition
by Phillip I. Good, James W. Hardin
Content preview from Common Errors in Statistics (and How to Avoid Them), 4th Edition
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MULTIDIMENSIONAL DISPLAYS
Representing several distinct measures for a collection of points is problematic in both text and graphics. The construction of tables for this display is difficult due to the necessity of effectively communicating the array of subtabular information. The same is true in graphical displays, but the distinction of the various quantities is somewhat easier.
Biplots
In principal component analysis, biplots are used to display the contributions of multiple variables in a two-dimensional display. Fewer than 10 variables should be used if the plot is to be readable [Falissard, 2012].
Common errors include all of the following [Gower et al., 2010]:
- Incomplete captions
- Incomplete legends
- Origin not indicated
- Shape/aspect misleading
Biplot scales should always employ the true aspect ratio. The scales of the biplot shown in Figure 10.17 do not. As a result, distances and angles are distorted, making the results impossible to interpret without extensive discussion. Moreover, the four scales (top, bottom, right, and left) measure two different things:
1. The scales at the top and the right give values of variables.
2. The scales at the bottom and the left are unnecessary as they give coordinates of samples in terms of principal components.
Putting the scales in scientific ...
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