November 2021
Beginner to intermediate
239 pages
4h 15m
Chinese
Content preview from Dapr学习手册
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服务
｜
51
会在任何时间被不同的条件（如，机器故障或者是计算资源重新平衡）触发。
如前所述，将无状态服务迁移到新机器上比迁移有状态服务要更简单，而
能够快速启动新的服务实例是提高可用性的关键。然而，无状态并不是云
原生应用的强制性要求。分区等技术使有状态服务实例也能高效地移动。
组件间隔离
由多组件组成的云原生应用程序中，组件应该可以在其他组件失效时继续
运行。虽然该组件可能无法提供所需的全部功能，但当所有依赖的服务重
新上线时，它仍然可以恢复到完整功能状态。换句话说，失效的组件或重
新启动的组件不应该引起其他组件的级联错误。
这种隔离通常是通过明确定义的
API
、具有自动重试功能的客户端类库以
及通过消息传递的松耦合设计的组合来实现的。
组件之间的隔离也意味着组件应该具有独立的可扩展性。基于消费的模式
要求运营商对云原生应用各个组件的资源消耗进行微调，以最小的资源消
耗来更好地满足需求。这就要求组件在相关组件进行扩展时能够适应工作
负载的变化。
云原生应用通常由微服务组成（事实上，这两个术语通常被认为是同义词）。
尽管如此命名，但微服务不一定要小，这个概念完全取决于操作。微服务应
用是隔离的、可持续部署的、易于扩展的，因此非常适合云环境。
1.2.4
基础设施是乏味的
为了使云平台实现可用性和弹性的承诺，必须将工作负载与底层基础设施分
离，以便根据需要调度基础设施进行常见的云操作，如故障转移和扩展。开
发人员不应该关注基础设施。诸如开放应用模型（
Open Application Model/
OAM
，本章后面将讨论）和 ...
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O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.Julian F.
I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.Amir M.
I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.