December 2024
Intermediate to advanced
576 pages
12h 58m
English
Content preview from Data Visualization in R and Python
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4Histograms and Kernel Density Plots
A histogram is a traditional type of graphics based on a continuous variable. For the values of this variable, it defines a certain number of ranges called bins and counts the number of observations for each bin. Visually, it is schematic and typically aesthetically simple, but it may provide useful information about data. For this reason, it is often used as an analysis tool, not just in presentations, in order to study general characteristics of data, such as anomalous distributions. It is important to remember that histograms are most useful when several combinations of bin width or numerosity are tested.
Dataset
In this section, we use the dataset Compiled historical daily temperature and precipitation data for selected 210 U.S. cities, Yuchuan Lai and David Dzombak, Carnegie Mellon University and Report qualità aria 2021 (transl. Air Quality Report year 2021), Open Data Municipality of Milan, already introduced before. The following one is new, instead.
Bologna – B&B List, Open Data from Bologna Municipality, Italy (https://opendata.comune.bologna.it/explore/dataset/bologna-rilevazione-airbnb/information/?disjunctive.neighbourhood&disjunctive.room_type),
Copyright: Creative Commons CC BY-4.0.
4.1 R: ggplot
The main ggplot function for histograms is geom_histogram() with two main attributes, to be used as alternatives:
binwidthdefines the width of bins; in this case, the number of bins is derived from the whole range of values ...
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