Many modern applications are deployed as containers. Containers are a way of running applications in isolation. This isolation allows for building self-contained images with all dependencies an application needs to run.
There are several ways to run containers. A popular one used by Kubernetes and Docker is containerd.
For a container runner to run an application as a container, the application needs to be inside of an Open Container Initiative (OCI) image.
There are several ways to build images. The most popular ways—buildctl, docker build